Basic Info
Founded in 1940， monthly
ISSN2095-1191, CN45-1381/S
Competent Authorities: Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Sponsored by: Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Publisher: Sciences Press
Editor-in-chief: Guo-fu deng
Domestic postal code：48-3
Foreign Issue Code：MO3350
Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
Display Method:
Display Method:
2023, 54(12): 3451-3463.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2023.12.001
Abstract:
【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of stem mechanics，morphology structure and dry matter accumulation and distribution of rice in the rice-duck farming system under precision hill-directseeding and its relationship with lodging resistance and yield，which provided theoretical and practical basis for the appli cation of rice-duck farming system in light and simplified rice cultivation.【Method】Field experiments were conducted with four treatments， including no silicon fertilizer with raising ducks in paddy field（D）， applying silicon fertilizer with raising ducks in paddy field（DS）， applying silicon fertilizer and no ducks in paddy field（S） and no silicon fertilizer and no ducks in paddy field（CK）by using rice varieties Yuxiangyou 8133（YXY8133）， Yuxiang 203（YX203）， Yuliangyou 86（YLY86）， C Liangyouhuazhan（CLYHZ） and Huanghuazhan（HHZ） . Rice yield and yield components，mechanical indexes， length of internodes，culm diameter，culm wall thickness，leaf area index，stem and leaf sheath dry weight per unit length，stem dry weight per plant，leaf dry weight per plant，panicle dry weight per plant were detected，the relation ship between mechanical characteristics，morphology structure，material accumulation，lodging resistance and yield of rice were analyzed.【Result】Compared with CK， D， S and DS treatments increased grain yield by 3.7%-25.8%， 4.9% -17.3% and 0-23.4%，respectively. Among them，grain yields of YX203， YXY8133 and CLYHZ in DS treatments signifi cantly increased by 17.3%，23.4% and 9.5%， respectively（P<0.05，the same below） . Compared with CK， D， S and DS treatments declined lodging index by 8.8%-12.4%， 8.0%-13.6% and 12.2%-30.2%， respectively. Among them，the de crease of DS treatment reached a significant level，and the trend was consistent among varieties. The stem breaking strength in DS treatment were enhanced by 13.4%-44.7% compared with CK， which contributed to significant reduction in lodging index. Among the varieties，YXY8133， YX203 and YLY86 were attributed to the increase of section modulus， and CLYHZ and HHZ were attributed to the increase of bending stress. Compared with CK， DS treatment increased the basal internode culm，leaf sheath dry weight per unit length，stem diameter and wall thickness，increased the dry weight of single stem sheath at heading stage and mature stage，and improved the stem quality and breaking strength. Correlation analysis showed that spike length，lower internode，middle internode and upper internode were extremely significantly positively correlated with lodging index，and basal internode stem，sheath leaf sheath weight per unit length，stem diam eter，wall thickness，stem dry weight at heading stage and mature stage were significantly or extremely significantly posi tively correlated with breaking strength.【Conclusion】Silicon fertilizer application in rice-duck farming system can en hance the internode diame-ter and wall thickness，improve the internode leaf sheath weight per unit length and stem weight， and then enhance the mechanical strength and lodging resistance of rice stem under precision-hill-direct-seeding.
【Objective】The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of stem mechanics，morphology structure and dry matter accumulation and distribution of rice in the rice-duck farming system under precision hill-directseeding and its relationship with lodging resistance and yield，which provided theoretical and practical basis for the appli cation of rice-duck farming system in light and simplified rice cultivation.【Method】Field experiments were conducted with four treatments， including no silicon fertilizer with raising ducks in paddy field（D）， applying silicon fertilizer with raising ducks in paddy field（DS）， applying silicon fertilizer and no ducks in paddy field（S） and no silicon fertilizer and no ducks in paddy field（CK）by using rice varieties Yuxiangyou 8133（YXY8133）， Yuxiang 203（YX203）， Yuliangyou 86（YLY86）， C Liangyouhuazhan（CLYHZ） and Huanghuazhan（HHZ） . Rice yield and yield components，mechanical indexes， length of internodes，culm diameter，culm wall thickness，leaf area index，stem and leaf sheath dry weight per unit length，stem dry weight per plant，leaf dry weight per plant，panicle dry weight per plant were detected，the relation ship between mechanical characteristics，morphology structure，material accumulation，lodging resistance and yield of rice were analyzed.【Result】Compared with CK， D， S and DS treatments increased grain yield by 3.7%-25.8%， 4.9% -17.3% and 0-23.4%，respectively. Among them，grain yields of YX203， YXY8133 and CLYHZ in DS treatments signifi cantly increased by 17.3%，23.4% and 9.5%， respectively（P<0.05，the same below） . Compared with CK， D， S and DS treatments declined lodging index by 8.8%-12.4%， 8.0%-13.6% and 12.2%-30.2%， respectively. Among them，the de crease of DS treatment reached a significant level，and the trend was consistent among varieties. The stem breaking strength in DS treatment were enhanced by 13.4%-44.7% compared with CK， which contributed to significant reduction in lodging index. Among the varieties，YXY8133， YX203 and YLY86 were attributed to the increase of section modulus， and CLYHZ and HHZ were attributed to the increase of bending stress. Compared with CK， DS treatment increased the basal internode culm，leaf sheath dry weight per unit length，stem diameter and wall thickness，increased the dry weight of single stem sheath at heading stage and mature stage，and improved the stem quality and breaking strength. Correlation analysis showed that spike length，lower internode，middle internode and upper internode were extremely significantly positively correlated with lodging index，and basal internode stem，sheath leaf sheath weight per unit length，stem diam eter，wall thickness，stem dry weight at heading stage and mature stage were significantly or extremely significantly posi tively correlated with breaking strength.【Conclusion】Silicon fertilizer application in rice-duck farming system can en hance the internode diame-ter and wall thickness，improve the internode leaf sheath weight per unit length and stem weight， and then enhance the mechanical strength and lodging resistance of rice stem under precision-hill-direct-seeding.
2023, 54(12): 3464-3474.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2023.12.002
Abstract:
【Objective】 The purpose of the study was to clone and analyze the expression of the late hypocotyl protein gene（ImLHY）and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase gene（ImC4H）of Impatiens morsei Hook. f.，to explore the color dif ference between variegation and non-variegation areas in vexil and wing petals of I. morsei，and to clone LHY and C4H genes，so as to provide a theoretical basis for molecular regulation mechanism of flower variegation，flower color im provement and new variety breeding of I. morsei.【Method】I. morsei was used as the material，the colorimetric values， contents of total anthocyanins and total flavonoids of variegation and non-variegation areas in vexil and wing petals were determined. The ImLHY and ImC4H genes were cloned，and their sequence characteristics，protein structure and phylogeny were analyzed by biological software. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression patterns of ImLHY and ImC4H genes at different developmental key stages（bud stage，blooming stage and decay stage）and in different pigmented regions of vexil and wing petals.【Result】The a* value（redness value）and C* value（chroma value）of the variegation area were higher than those of the non-variegation area in vexil and wing petals，and L*（brightness value）of the non-variegation area was greater than that of the variegation area. The b* value（yellowness value）of the variegation area was higher than that of the non-variegation area in vexil，while the b* value（yellowness value）of the variegation area was less different from that of the non-variegation area in wing petal. The contents of total anthocyanins and flavonoids in vexil and wing petals were higher than those in non-variegation area. The full-length cDNA of ImLHY and ImC4H genes obtained from cloning were 1698 and 1518 bp，encoding 565 and 505 amino acid residues respectively. The GenBank accession numbers were OR096417 and OR096417. ImLHY and ImC4H proteins were hydrophilic unstable proteins without transmembrane domains. ImLHY protein had a Myb DNA-binding conserved structural domain and a SANT structural domain of the MYB transcription factor family，which was localized in the nucleus. ImC4H protein contained a P450 superfamily structural domain（PLN02394），and was located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The amino acid sequences of the ImLHY and ImC4H proteins had 68% and 94% similarity with Impatiens glandulifera. In phylogenetic evolutionary tree，both of them were clustered together with LHY and C4H of I. glandulifera respectively. The two genes were expressed in the three key stages of flower development（bud stage，blooming stage and decay stage）and in the variegation and non-variegation areas of vexil and wing petals，and the relative expression was higher at the blooming stage overall. At blooming stage，the relative expression of ImLHY and ImC4H genes was significantly higher in variegation area of vexil than in non-variegation area（P<0.05），and higher in non-variegation area of the wing petals than in variegation area.【Conclusion】ImLHY and ImC4H genes mainly regulate the formation of variegation in vexil during the blooming stage， and mainly regulate the formation of non-variegation area in wing petals. It is speculated that there are different regulatory mechanisms for the formation of variegation in vexil and wing petals.
【Objective】 The purpose of the study was to clone and analyze the expression of the late hypocotyl protein gene（ImLHY）and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase gene（ImC4H）of Impatiens morsei Hook. f.，to explore the color dif ference between variegation and non-variegation areas in vexil and wing petals of I. morsei，and to clone LHY and C4H genes，so as to provide a theoretical basis for molecular regulation mechanism of flower variegation，flower color im provement and new variety breeding of I. morsei.【Method】I. morsei was used as the material，the colorimetric values， contents of total anthocyanins and total flavonoids of variegation and non-variegation areas in vexil and wing petals were determined. The ImLHY and ImC4H genes were cloned，and their sequence characteristics，protein structure and phylogeny were analyzed by biological software. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression patterns of ImLHY and ImC4H genes at different developmental key stages（bud stage，blooming stage and decay stage）and in different pigmented regions of vexil and wing petals.【Result】The a* value（redness value）and C* value（chroma value）of the variegation area were higher than those of the non-variegation area in vexil and wing petals，and L*（brightness value）of the non-variegation area was greater than that of the variegation area. The b* value（yellowness value）of the variegation area was higher than that of the non-variegation area in vexil，while the b* value（yellowness value）of the variegation area was less different from that of the non-variegation area in wing petal. The contents of total anthocyanins and flavonoids in vexil and wing petals were higher than those in non-variegation area. The full-length cDNA of ImLHY and ImC4H genes obtained from cloning were 1698 and 1518 bp，encoding 565 and 505 amino acid residues respectively. The GenBank accession numbers were OR096417 and OR096417. ImLHY and ImC4H proteins were hydrophilic unstable proteins without transmembrane domains. ImLHY protein had a Myb DNA-binding conserved structural domain and a SANT structural domain of the MYB transcription factor family，which was localized in the nucleus. ImC4H protein contained a P450 superfamily structural domain（PLN02394），and was located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The amino acid sequences of the ImLHY and ImC4H proteins had 68% and 94% similarity with Impatiens glandulifera. In phylogenetic evolutionary tree，both of them were clustered together with LHY and C4H of I. glandulifera respectively. The two genes were expressed in the three key stages of flower development（bud stage，blooming stage and decay stage）and in the variegation and non-variegation areas of vexil and wing petals，and the relative expression was higher at the blooming stage overall. At blooming stage，the relative expression of ImLHY and ImC4H genes was significantly higher in variegation area of vexil than in non-variegation area（P<0.05），and higher in non-variegation area of the wing petals than in variegation area.【Conclusion】ImLHY and ImC4H genes mainly regulate the formation of variegation in vexil during the blooming stage， and mainly regulate the formation of non-variegation area in wing petals. It is speculated that there are different regulatory mechanisms for the formation of variegation in vexil and wing petals.
2023, 54(12): 3475-3487.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2023.12.003
Abstract:
【Objective】Analysis of grain protein traits and candidate genes in F6:7 pedigrees of Ningchun No. 4 and Hedong black wheat through the cross and self-cross was carried out to discover candidate genes associated with grain protein traits, which would provide theoretical reference for genetic improvement of grain protein traits in wheat. 【Method】551 F6:7 pedigrees deriving from the cross and self-cross between two parents(Ningchun No. 4 and Hedong black wheat) which showed significant differences in grain protein traits, were used as materials. Variance analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis were performed to analyze the grain protein traits(crude protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value), transcriptome sequencing, functional annotation of differentially expressed genes(DEGs), signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed for high and low value strains, and genes related to grain protein traits were identified. 【Result】The grain protein-related traits in the F6:7 pedigrees were obviously separated,and the distribution was continuous normal distribution. The average values of crude protein content,wet gluten content and sedimentation value were 15.64%, 33.31% and 39.06 mL, respectively, between the values of the traits of both parents. The proportions of pedigrees exceeding the mid-parent value ranged from 29.04% to 77.31%,and the proportions of pedigrees exceeding the high-parent value ranged from 7.08% to 39.56%. The order of variation coefficient was sedimentation value(10.99%)>wet gluten content(6.07%)>crude protein content(5.70%),and the three traits showed extremely significant positive correlation(P<0.001). The 551 F6:7 pedigrees were clustered into four groups (Ⅰ-Ⅳ),including 148,125,171 and 107 materials,respectively. Group Ⅳ displayed the highest average crude protein content(16.87%),wet gluten content(35.96%) and sedimentation value(45.02 mL),making it the superior group. According to the transcriptome sequencing data of high and low value strains, 4368 DEGs were screened out,in which there were 970 up-regulated genes and 3398 downregulated genes. GO functional annotation results showed that the differential expression of wheat protein traits mainly occurred in the cellular part, involving cell membrane structure and organelles, but also occurred in cell junctions parts, through regulating molecular functions such as binding and catalysis, it caused synergistic changes in biological processes, mainly cellular processes, metabolic processes, stress responses and stimulation responses. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment results showed that the DEGs were significantly(P<0.05) enriched into nine metabolism pathways,four metabolism pathways were screened and their enriched DEGs were closely related to wheat grain protein traits,10 DEGs were related to histidine metabolism,21 related to starch and sucrose metabolism,8 related to tyrosine metabolism,8 related to alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism. In them,there were 7 up-regulated expression genes. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR verification were basically consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results.【Conclusion】The grain protein traits belong to quantitative trait inheritance controlled by multiple genes in wheat,and many super-parents types were appeared in F6:7 pedigrees. Sedimentation value had greater potential for improvement.Group Ⅳ is superior group in grain protein traits and can be used in the breeding practices of varieties with superior protein traits. Four pathways are screened,including histidine metabolism,starch and sucrose metabolism,tyrosine metabolism,and alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism based on enrichment functional analysis,are related to the regulation mechanism of wheat grain protein traits. Seven candidate genes are identified possibly related to wheat grain protein traits.
【Objective】Analysis of grain protein traits and candidate genes in F6:7 pedigrees of Ningchun No. 4 and Hedong black wheat through the cross and self-cross was carried out to discover candidate genes associated with grain protein traits, which would provide theoretical reference for genetic improvement of grain protein traits in wheat. 【Method】551 F6:7 pedigrees deriving from the cross and self-cross between two parents(Ningchun No. 4 and Hedong black wheat) which showed significant differences in grain protein traits, were used as materials. Variance analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis were performed to analyze the grain protein traits(crude protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value), transcriptome sequencing, functional annotation of differentially expressed genes(DEGs), signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed for high and low value strains, and genes related to grain protein traits were identified. 【Result】The grain protein-related traits in the F6:7 pedigrees were obviously separated,and the distribution was continuous normal distribution. The average values of crude protein content,wet gluten content and sedimentation value were 15.64%, 33.31% and 39.06 mL, respectively, between the values of the traits of both parents. The proportions of pedigrees exceeding the mid-parent value ranged from 29.04% to 77.31%,and the proportions of pedigrees exceeding the high-parent value ranged from 7.08% to 39.56%. The order of variation coefficient was sedimentation value(10.99%)>wet gluten content(6.07%)>crude protein content(5.70%),and the three traits showed extremely significant positive correlation(P<0.001). The 551 F6:7 pedigrees were clustered into four groups (Ⅰ-Ⅳ),including 148,125,171 and 107 materials,respectively. Group Ⅳ displayed the highest average crude protein content(16.87%),wet gluten content(35.96%) and sedimentation value(45.02 mL),making it the superior group. According to the transcriptome sequencing data of high and low value strains, 4368 DEGs were screened out,in which there were 970 up-regulated genes and 3398 downregulated genes. GO functional annotation results showed that the differential expression of wheat protein traits mainly occurred in the cellular part, involving cell membrane structure and organelles, but also occurred in cell junctions parts, through regulating molecular functions such as binding and catalysis, it caused synergistic changes in biological processes, mainly cellular processes, metabolic processes, stress responses and stimulation responses. KEGG signaling pathway enrichment results showed that the DEGs were significantly(P<0.05) enriched into nine metabolism pathways,four metabolism pathways were screened and their enriched DEGs were closely related to wheat grain protein traits,10 DEGs were related to histidine metabolism,21 related to starch and sucrose metabolism,8 related to tyrosine metabolism,8 related to alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism. In them,there were 7 up-regulated expression genes. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR verification were basically consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results.【Conclusion】The grain protein traits belong to quantitative trait inheritance controlled by multiple genes in wheat,and many super-parents types were appeared in F6:7 pedigrees. Sedimentation value had greater potential for improvement.Group Ⅳ is superior group in grain protein traits and can be used in the breeding practices of varieties with superior protein traits. Four pathways are screened,including histidine metabolism,starch and sucrose metabolism,tyrosine metabolism,and alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism based on enrichment functional analysis,are related to the regulation mechanism of wheat grain protein traits. Seven candidate genes are identified possibly related to wheat grain protein traits.
2023, 54(12): 3488-3501.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2023.12.004
Abstract:
【Objective】The purpose of the study was to analyze the genetic diversity and construct a fingerprint map of sweetpotato varieties in Fujian based on agronomic traits and molecular markers, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of parent selection and genetic background of sweetpotato breeding in Fujian. 【Method】Twenty-four sweetpotato varieties bred and introduced in Fujian were used as research subjects to investigate and determine their agronomic traits. The 28 ISSR primers and 27 SRAP primers screened were used for genetic diversity analysis. SPSS 26.0 was used to perform clustering analysis of agronomic traits using the intergroup connection method and the mean Euclidean distance method. NTSYS-pc 2.1 was used for molecular marker clustering analysis. The fingerprint map was constructed according to the ISSR and SRAP amplification results. 【Result】The results of agronomic traits clustering analysis showed that 24sweetpotato varieties were classified into three major groups at a Euclidean distance of 8. GroupⅠconsisted of Quanshu 76, Quanshu No. 12 and Longshu No. 14. GroupⅡcontained Xuzishu No. 2, Quanshu No. 10, Pushu 20, Fushu No. 24, Puzishu 18 and Funingzi No. 3. The remaining 15 species were classified in Group III. The 28 ISSR primers and 27 pairs of SRAP primers amplified 362 and 364 bands respectively, with a polymorphism ratio of 78.73% and 83.79%, and the polymorphism rate of some primers was as high as 100.00%. The average numbers of alleles(Na) were 1.7676 and 1.8307, respectively, the average numbers of effective alleles(Ne) were 1.4071 and 1.4631, the average Nei's gene diversity index(H') were 0.2435 and 0.2730, the average Shannon's information index(I) were 0.3705 and 0.4124, respectively. Based on ISSR molecular markers, the genetic similarity coefficients of the 24 sweetpotato varieties ranged from 0.674 to 0.851, and they could be categorized into three major groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.728.GroupⅠcontained only Funingzi No. 3, groupⅡcontained Fushu No. 24,Xuzishu No. 2,Pushu 20,Pushu 53,Puzishu 18,Puzishu No. 3,Fushu 404 and Pushu 16, and the remaining 15 varieties were categorized into group III. Based on SRAP molecular markers, the genetic similarity coefficient of the 24 sweetpotato varieties ranged from 0.591 to 0.879, and they could be categorized into three major groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.696. Group Ⅰ contained only Quanshu 76, group Ⅱ contained Puzishu 18 and Xuzishu No. 2, and the remaining 21 varieties were categorized into group Ⅲ. The primer UBC899 could be used to construct the fingerprint map of 24 sweetpotato germplasm resources.【Conclusion】ISSR and SRAP molecular markers are efficient in polymorphism detection, and both of them are suitable for genetic variation analysis of sweetpotato germplasm resources. The genetic diversity of the 24 sweetpotato materials for tes-ting is relatively rich, and the clustering results based on agronomic traits cluster results and molecular markers are similar but greatly different. The ISSR molecular clustering results are more consistent with the pedigree map of the germplasm resources, and the primer UBC899 can be used to distinguish the tested sweetpotato varieties.
【Objective】The purpose of the study was to analyze the genetic diversity and construct a fingerprint map of sweetpotato varieties in Fujian based on agronomic traits and molecular markers, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of parent selection and genetic background of sweetpotato breeding in Fujian. 【Method】Twenty-four sweetpotato varieties bred and introduced in Fujian were used as research subjects to investigate and determine their agronomic traits. The 28 ISSR primers and 27 SRAP primers screened were used for genetic diversity analysis. SPSS 26.0 was used to perform clustering analysis of agronomic traits using the intergroup connection method and the mean Euclidean distance method. NTSYS-pc 2.1 was used for molecular marker clustering analysis. The fingerprint map was constructed according to the ISSR and SRAP amplification results. 【Result】The results of agronomic traits clustering analysis showed that 24sweetpotato varieties were classified into three major groups at a Euclidean distance of 8. GroupⅠconsisted of Quanshu 76, Quanshu No. 12 and Longshu No. 14. GroupⅡcontained Xuzishu No. 2, Quanshu No. 10, Pushu 20, Fushu No. 24, Puzishu 18 and Funingzi No. 3. The remaining 15 species were classified in Group III. The 28 ISSR primers and 27 pairs of SRAP primers amplified 362 and 364 bands respectively, with a polymorphism ratio of 78.73% and 83.79%, and the polymorphism rate of some primers was as high as 100.00%. The average numbers of alleles(Na) were 1.7676 and 1.8307, respectively, the average numbers of effective alleles(Ne) were 1.4071 and 1.4631, the average Nei's gene diversity index(H') were 0.2435 and 0.2730, the average Shannon's information index(I) were 0.3705 and 0.4124, respectively. Based on ISSR molecular markers, the genetic similarity coefficients of the 24 sweetpotato varieties ranged from 0.674 to 0.851, and they could be categorized into three major groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.728.GroupⅠcontained only Funingzi No. 3, groupⅡcontained Fushu No. 24,Xuzishu No. 2,Pushu 20,Pushu 53,Puzishu 18,Puzishu No. 3,Fushu 404 and Pushu 16, and the remaining 15 varieties were categorized into group III. Based on SRAP molecular markers, the genetic similarity coefficient of the 24 sweetpotato varieties ranged from 0.591 to 0.879, and they could be categorized into three major groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.696. Group Ⅰ contained only Quanshu 76, group Ⅱ contained Puzishu 18 and Xuzishu No. 2, and the remaining 21 varieties were categorized into group Ⅲ. The primer UBC899 could be used to construct the fingerprint map of 24 sweetpotato germplasm resources.【Conclusion】ISSR and SRAP molecular markers are efficient in polymorphism detection, and both of them are suitable for genetic variation analysis of sweetpotato germplasm resources. The genetic diversity of the 24 sweetpotato materials for tes-ting is relatively rich, and the clustering results based on agronomic traits cluster results and molecular markers are similar but greatly different. The ISSR molecular clustering results are more consistent with the pedigree map of the germplasm resources, and the primer UBC899 can be used to distinguish the tested sweetpotato varieties.
2023, 54(12): 3502-3513.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2023.12.005
Abstract:
【Objective】 The genetic rule of bacterial wilt resistance in eggplant was analyzed to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for breeding resistant hybrid combinations，dominant breeding and mining related resistance genes.【Method】 Using 4 eggplant germplasm as parents（Y23，NO21，JA02 and SG19），the combining ability analysis of bacterial wilt resistance in each combination was conducted by Griffing complete diallel crossing method. At the same time，the six generation genetic populations（P1，P2，F1，F2，BC1P1 and BC1P2）of two cross combinations SG19×Y23 and B1×BC03 were constructed respectively. The combined generation analysis method of major gene+multiple gene for quantitative traits was used to analyze the genetic model of bacterial wilt resistance in each generation.【Result】The general combining ability of resistance to eggplant bacterial wilt was much higher than that of special combining ability，indicating that the resistance was mainly additive effect，followed by non-additive effect，and was less influenced by cytoplasmic genetic inheritance. The generalized heritability was 69.8%，and the narrow heritability was 63.3%，these results indicated that the inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance in eggplant was not only affected by genetic effects，but also by environmental effects. The best cross combinations of resistance to bacterial wilt were Y23×NO21 and NO21×Y23. The resistance of the hybrid combination SG19×Y23 and B1×BC03 was in line with the MX2-ADI-ADI genetic model，that was， it was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic effect major genes+additive-dominant-epistatic effect polygenes. The additive effect was dominant，and the disease susceptibility showed incomplete dominance. The BC1P2 and F2 populations were mainly inherited by major genes，with a heritability rate of 77.112% to 88.417%. The BC1P1 population was mainly inherited by polygenes，with a heritability rate of 35.332% to 75.050%. The optimal genetic model estimated by the onset period was consistent with the optimal model estimated by the disease grade distribution.【Conclusion】 In the breeding process of bacterial wilt resistance，attention should be paid to the use of additive effect，as far as possible to select strong bacterial wilt resistance parents for cross breeding；the theory of controlling bacterial wilt resistance with two pairs of major genes+polygenes can be used as the basis for resistance gene mapping to carry out subsequent gene mapping related work to avoid blindness of resistance gene mining.
【Objective】 The genetic rule of bacterial wilt resistance in eggplant was analyzed to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for breeding resistant hybrid combinations，dominant breeding and mining related resistance genes.【Method】 Using 4 eggplant germplasm as parents（Y23，NO21，JA02 and SG19），the combining ability analysis of bacterial wilt resistance in each combination was conducted by Griffing complete diallel crossing method. At the same time，the six generation genetic populations（P1，P2，F1，F2，BC1P1 and BC1P2）of two cross combinations SG19×Y23 and B1×BC03 were constructed respectively. The combined generation analysis method of major gene+multiple gene for quantitative traits was used to analyze the genetic model of bacterial wilt resistance in each generation.【Result】The general combining ability of resistance to eggplant bacterial wilt was much higher than that of special combining ability，indicating that the resistance was mainly additive effect，followed by non-additive effect，and was less influenced by cytoplasmic genetic inheritance. The generalized heritability was 69.8%，and the narrow heritability was 63.3%，these results indicated that the inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance in eggplant was not only affected by genetic effects，but also by environmental effects. The best cross combinations of resistance to bacterial wilt were Y23×NO21 and NO21×Y23. The resistance of the hybrid combination SG19×Y23 and B1×BC03 was in line with the MX2-ADI-ADI genetic model，that was， it was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic effect major genes+additive-dominant-epistatic effect polygenes. The additive effect was dominant，and the disease susceptibility showed incomplete dominance. The BC1P2 and F2 populations were mainly inherited by major genes，with a heritability rate of 77.112% to 88.417%. The BC1P1 population was mainly inherited by polygenes，with a heritability rate of 35.332% to 75.050%. The optimal genetic model estimated by the onset period was consistent with the optimal model estimated by the disease grade distribution.【Conclusion】 In the breeding process of bacterial wilt resistance，attention should be paid to the use of additive effect，as far as possible to select strong bacterial wilt resistance parents for cross breeding；the theory of controlling bacterial wilt resistance with two pairs of major genes+polygenes can be used as the basis for resistance gene mapping to carry out subsequent gene mapping related work to avoid blindness of resistance gene mining.
2019, 50(6): 1385-1391.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2019.06.31
摘要：
[目的]使用改进的自适应高斯滤波算法对农作物叶片病虫害图像进行降噪处理,为叶片病虫害图像提供前期预处理的优化手段,从而提高诊断的准确性.[方法]通过计算图像像素矩阵区域内中心点邻域方差与二维高斯滤波函数的比值,确定高斯标准差,动态生成高斯卷积核,从而形成改进的自适应高斯滤波算法,对病斑图像进行降噪平滑处理;然后分别模拟不同噪声强度,比较算法的降噪效果;最后通过峰值信噪比(Peak signal-to-noise ratio,PSNR)定量计算改进前后高斯滤波算法的优化程度.[结果]首先,使用MATLAB 2014b对密刺黄瓜枯萎病斑RGB图像模拟出3组不同噪声强度下的干扰场景,并进行归一化处理;然后,分别利用3种算法对噪声图像进行降噪处理,得出当噪声强度较弱时,改进算法对高斯白噪声抑制效果明显;噪声强度增大时,改进算法的优化程度逐渐下降;其次,分别计算各算法改进前后的PSNR,得出当噪声强度为0.01、0.02和0.03时,即改进的自适应高斯滤波算法PSNR值分别比传统高斯滤波提升6.942、6.965和6.718 db;最后,通过计算100组采集叶片图像降噪处理后的PSNR值,得到改进的自适应高斯滤波的PSNR值平均提高13.8%.[建议]采集的农作物叶片图像试验材料需广泛化;推动优化图像预处理的进程;提升图像匹配准确性,推动叶片诊断专家系统的研究.
[目的]使用改进的自适应高斯滤波算法对农作物叶片病虫害图像进行降噪处理,为叶片病虫害图像提供前期预处理的优化手段,从而提高诊断的准确性.[方法]通过计算图像像素矩阵区域内中心点邻域方差与二维高斯滤波函数的比值,确定高斯标准差,动态生成高斯卷积核,从而形成改进的自适应高斯滤波算法,对病斑图像进行降噪平滑处理;然后分别模拟不同噪声强度,比较算法的降噪效果;最后通过峰值信噪比(Peak signal-to-noise ratio,PSNR)定量计算改进前后高斯滤波算法的优化程度.[结果]首先,使用MATLAB 2014b对密刺黄瓜枯萎病斑RGB图像模拟出3组不同噪声强度下的干扰场景,并进行归一化处理;然后,分别利用3种算法对噪声图像进行降噪处理,得出当噪声强度较弱时,改进算法对高斯白噪声抑制效果明显;噪声强度增大时,改进算法的优化程度逐渐下降;其次,分别计算各算法改进前后的PSNR,得出当噪声强度为0.01、0.02和0.03时,即改进的自适应高斯滤波算法PSNR值分别比传统高斯滤波提升6.942、6.965和6.718 db;最后,通过计算100组采集叶片图像降噪处理后的PSNR值,得到改进的自适应高斯滤波的PSNR值平均提高13.8%.[建议]采集的农作物叶片图像试验材料需广泛化;推动优化图像预处理的进程;提升图像匹配准确性,推动叶片诊断专家系统的研究.
2017, 48(6): 1024-1030.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2017.06.14
摘要：
秸秆是农业成品收获后剩余的田间闲置副产物,其主要化学成分为纤维素、半纤维素和木质素.秸秆腐熟剂是一群能将秸秆大分子物质降解为植物可利用简单化合物的复杂菌群,为土壤提供碳、氮、磷、钾等元素,使秸秆得以还田.文章对降解秸秆的微生物种类进行总结,并对微生物酶学机理、微生物菌群的相互作用及秸秆腐熟剂的应用效果等研究概况进行综述,针对腐熟剂菌种效率低、菌群动态不清楚、酶降解机制不完善、秸秆腐熟剂使用方式不明确及腐熟指标不具体等问题,提出原位筛选菌种、深入研究组合菌种相互作用机制与酶降解机制、开展腐熟剂具体使用方法的研究及确立完整具体的评判标准,为今后有关秸秆腐熟剂菌种的选育工作提供参照和借鉴.
秸秆是农业成品收获后剩余的田间闲置副产物,其主要化学成分为纤维素、半纤维素和木质素.秸秆腐熟剂是一群能将秸秆大分子物质降解为植物可利用简单化合物的复杂菌群,为土壤提供碳、氮、磷、钾等元素,使秸秆得以还田.文章对降解秸秆的微生物种类进行总结,并对微生物酶学机理、微生物菌群的相互作用及秸秆腐熟剂的应用效果等研究概况进行综述,针对腐熟剂菌种效率低、菌群动态不清楚、酶降解机制不完善、秸秆腐熟剂使用方式不明确及腐熟指标不具体等问题,提出原位筛选菌种、深入研究组合菌种相互作用机制与酶降解机制、开展腐熟剂具体使用方法的研究及确立完整具体的评判标准,为今后有关秸秆腐熟剂菌种的选育工作提供参照和借鉴.
2017, 48(1): 46-50.
doi: 10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2017.01.46
摘要：
[目的]探究土壤和叶面施硒肥对水稻产量品质及硒在稻株中分布的影响,为富硒水稻栽培提供参考.[方法]以博Ⅲ优、三香628为试验材料,采用土壤和叶面施用亚硒酸钠的不同施肥方式,分别测定两个水稻品种的产量、品质及植株中硒的含量分布特征.[结果]通过土壤和叶面施用亚硒酸钠对水稻生物量、产量及收获指数均无显著影响(p0.05),但可提高水稻籽粒蛋白质含量,平均增幅分别为1.57%和2.36%,存在品种差异.经土壤和叶面施用硒肥均能显著提高水稻籽粒中的硒含量(P<0.05),与对照相比,分别增加5.48和10.84倍,且采用叶面施硒时博Ⅲ优、三香628籽粒的硒含量均高于土壤施硒的方式和对照.从水稻植株各部位硒的分配比例看,采用土壤施硒,三香628中硒滞留在根中的比例高于博Ⅲ优,但三香628中硒在茎、叶、籽粒的分布比例低于博Ⅲ优;采用叶面喷施,三香628中硒滞留在叶片的比例高于博Ⅲ优,但三香628中硒在根、茎、籽粒的分布比例低于博Ⅲ优.硒在两种水稻品种的籽粒和其他部位分配比例的不同是造成籽粒硒含量差异的一个重要原因.[结论]通过土壤和叶面施硒肥的农艺措施可在一定程度上调控水稻籽粒硒积累,改善稻米主食区居民的硒营养状况.
[目的]探究土壤和叶面施硒肥对水稻产量品质及硒在稻株中分布的影响,为富硒水稻栽培提供参考.[方法]以博Ⅲ优、三香628为试验材料,采用土壤和叶面施用亚硒酸钠的不同施肥方式,分别测定两个水稻品种的产量、品质及植株中硒的含量分布特征.[结果]通过土壤和叶面施用亚硒酸钠对水稻生物量、产量及收获指数均无显著影响(p0.05),但可提高水稻籽粒蛋白质含量,平均增幅分别为1.57%和2.36%,存在品种差异.经土壤和叶面施用硒肥均能显著提高水稻籽粒中的硒含量(P<0.05),与对照相比,分别增加5.48和10.84倍,且采用叶面施硒时博Ⅲ优、三香628籽粒的硒含量均高于土壤施硒的方式和对照.从水稻植株各部位硒的分配比例看,采用土壤施硒,三香628中硒滞留在根中的比例高于博Ⅲ优,但三香628中硒在茎、叶、籽粒的分布比例低于博Ⅲ优;采用叶面喷施,三香628中硒滞留在叶片的比例高于博Ⅲ优,但三香628中硒在根、茎、籽粒的分布比例低于博Ⅲ优.硒在两种水稻品种的籽粒和其他部位分配比例的不同是造成籽粒硒含量差异的一个重要原因.[结论]通过土壤和叶面施硒肥的农艺措施可在一定程度上调控水稻籽粒硒积累,改善稻米主食区居民的硒营养状况.
2017, 48(5): 837-843.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2017.05.013
摘要：
昆虫产卵行为在昆虫与寄主的协同进化中起着重要作用,而母代产卵偏好性和子代生长发育情况的关系是植食性昆虫与寄主植物协同进化研究的核心.文章综述了寄主种类、环境丰富度、寄主生长发育状况和寄主被同种其他个体的利用程度等对植食性昆虫产卵寄主选择的影响,以及嗅觉、视觉和触觉在植食性昆虫产卵寄主选择过程中的作用机制.提出今后应从昆虫视觉生态学和听觉生态学两个角度深入研究植食性昆虫的产卵行为,尤其是加强植食性昆虫与环境中光信号间的联系及如何利用光信号进行寄主定位、 植食性昆虫产卵行为过程中是否利用听器进行声波测探定位产卵寄主及不同波段声音对植食性昆虫产卵行为的影响等研究,为研究害虫行为调控措施开拓新思路.
昆虫产卵行为在昆虫与寄主的协同进化中起着重要作用,而母代产卵偏好性和子代生长发育情况的关系是植食性昆虫与寄主植物协同进化研究的核心.文章综述了寄主种类、环境丰富度、寄主生长发育状况和寄主被同种其他个体的利用程度等对植食性昆虫产卵寄主选择的影响,以及嗅觉、视觉和触觉在植食性昆虫产卵寄主选择过程中的作用机制.提出今后应从昆虫视觉生态学和听觉生态学两个角度深入研究植食性昆虫的产卵行为,尤其是加强植食性昆虫与环境中光信号间的联系及如何利用光信号进行寄主定位、 植食性昆虫产卵行为过程中是否利用听器进行声波测探定位产卵寄主及不同波段声音对植食性昆虫产卵行为的影响等研究,为研究害虫行为调控措施开拓新思路.
2018, 49(3): 469-475.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2018.03.09
摘要：
铜是植物正常生长发育所必需的微量营养元素,随着铜用途的扩大及用量的增加,含铜污染物的排放量逐渐增多,导致植物中铜含量超标,已严重影响到人类健康和生态系统稳定.文章综述了国内外关于铜对植物生长、细胞膜系统、抗氧化物酶系统、光合作用、矿质营养吸收和运输等生理响应等方面的研究进展,指出目前关于铜对植物毒害的研究主要集中在植物的耐铜阈值、毒害生理机理和植物对铜的解毒效应等方面,并提出今后应从拓宽植物研究种类、铜胁迫差异蛋白和基因表达鉴定及维持细胞内稳态的重金属转运体的鉴定等方面进行深入研究,为揭示铜对植物的毒害机理提供依据.
铜是植物正常生长发育所必需的微量营养元素,随着铜用途的扩大及用量的增加,含铜污染物的排放量逐渐增多,导致植物中铜含量超标,已严重影响到人类健康和生态系统稳定.文章综述了国内外关于铜对植物生长、细胞膜系统、抗氧化物酶系统、光合作用、矿质营养吸收和运输等生理响应等方面的研究进展,指出目前关于铜对植物毒害的研究主要集中在植物的耐铜阈值、毒害生理机理和植物对铜的解毒效应等方面,并提出今后应从拓宽植物研究种类、铜胁迫差异蛋白和基因表达鉴定及维持细胞内稳态的重金属转运体的鉴定等方面进行深入研究,为揭示铜对植物的毒害机理提供依据.
2020, 51(4): 968-974.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2020.04.030
摘要：
[目的]明确我国与东盟国家农产品贸易的影响因素及贸易潜力,为发展中国—东盟农产品贸易提供理论依据.[方法]基于联合国COMTRADE贸易数据库、世界银行数据库和CEPII数据库的年度数据,运用扩展的引力模型对我国与东盟国家农产品贸易影响因素及贸易潜力进行实证分析,并按照海关编码(HS编码)将农产品分为四类分别测算不同类别农产品贸易差异性,探究我国与东盟农产品贸易发展措施.[结果]我国与东盟国家的距离及进口国家的人口规模、人均耕地面积,是否加入中国—东盟自由贸易区等因素均对双方农产品贸易具有显著影响.从出口来看,我国出口东盟农产品总体上为正常贸易范畴;但不同种类农产品出口贸易潜力差异大,动物产品、动植物油脂呈现贸易不足现象,植物产品贸易过度,食品饮料及烟草食品为正常贸易.从进口来看,与文莱、印度尼西亚、柬埔寨和老挝等国贸易不足,与其余国家正常贸易.不同种类农产品各国之间贸易潜力值差异大,如我国从文莱、印度尼西亚、柬埔寨、泰国等国家进口动物产品贸易不足,而与其他国家为正常贸易.[建议]继续发展我国农业产业,提高农产品产值,增强我国农产品出口竞争力;根据各国的贸易潜力差异调整与东盟国家的贸易关系,加深与贸易不足国家的贸易,保持与正常贸易国家的水平;特别是针对不同种类农产品制定不同政策,如出口植物产品贸易过度,则适当减少出口.
[目的]明确我国与东盟国家农产品贸易的影响因素及贸易潜力,为发展中国—东盟农产品贸易提供理论依据.[方法]基于联合国COMTRADE贸易数据库、世界银行数据库和CEPII数据库的年度数据,运用扩展的引力模型对我国与东盟国家农产品贸易影响因素及贸易潜力进行实证分析,并按照海关编码(HS编码)将农产品分为四类分别测算不同类别农产品贸易差异性,探究我国与东盟农产品贸易发展措施.[结果]我国与东盟国家的距离及进口国家的人口规模、人均耕地面积,是否加入中国—东盟自由贸易区等因素均对双方农产品贸易具有显著影响.从出口来看,我国出口东盟农产品总体上为正常贸易范畴;但不同种类农产品出口贸易潜力差异大,动物产品、动植物油脂呈现贸易不足现象,植物产品贸易过度,食品饮料及烟草食品为正常贸易.从进口来看,与文莱、印度尼西亚、柬埔寨和老挝等国贸易不足,与其余国家正常贸易.不同种类农产品各国之间贸易潜力值差异大,如我国从文莱、印度尼西亚、柬埔寨、泰国等国家进口动物产品贸易不足,而与其他国家为正常贸易.[建议]继续发展我国农业产业,提高农产品产值,增强我国农产品出口竞争力;根据各国的贸易潜力差异调整与东盟国家的贸易关系,加深与贸易不足国家的贸易,保持与正常贸易国家的水平;特别是针对不同种类农产品制定不同政策,如出口植物产品贸易过度,则适当减少出口.
2019, 50(1): 40-44.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2019.01.06
摘要：
[目的]探索外源施硒对鲜食甜玉米籽粒硒含量、重金属含量、品质及产量的影响,为鲜食甜玉米生产中合理使用硒肥提供参考依据.[方法]以甜玉米品种桂甜612和硒肥"锌硒葆"为试验材料,采用裂区设计,设3个叶面喷施期(拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期)主处理和6个硒肥浓度[0(CK)、0.66、0.80、1.00、1.33和2.00 g/L]副处理,在甜玉米吐丝授粉23 d后测量籽粒中硒、镉、砷含量和籽粒糖度及鲜穗产量.[结果]不同时期喷施硒肥,鲜食甜玉米籽粒硒含量均随硒肥浓度的增加而增加,其中大喇叭口期和抽雄期叶面喷施硒肥可显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)提高甜玉米籽粒硒含量.不同时期喷施不同浓度硒肥均能提高甜玉米籽粒糖度,其中拔节期、大喇叭口期喷施0.80~1.00 g/L硒肥的增甜效果较佳.拔节期、大喇叭口期喷施不同浓度硒肥处理的籽粒镉含量和砷含量均高于或等于CK,抽雄期的镉含量低于CK.随硒肥浓度的增加,拔节期的鲜穗产量呈逐渐下降趋势,大喇叭口期和抽雄期的鲜穗产量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中大喇叭口期叶面喷施0.80~1.00 g/L硒肥的增产效果最佳,高浓度(2.00 g/L)硒肥则引起叶面灼伤而造成减产.[结论]适宜生育期叶面喷施适当浓度的硒肥不仅可提高甜玉米的籽粒硒含量、改善甜度口感,还可提高其鲜穗产量,其中以甜玉米大喇叭口期叶面喷施硒肥"锌硒葆"0.80~1.00 g/L的效果最佳.硒肥是否对甜玉米重金属含量产生影响与硒肥喷施时期有关.
[目的]探索外源施硒对鲜食甜玉米籽粒硒含量、重金属含量、品质及产量的影响,为鲜食甜玉米生产中合理使用硒肥提供参考依据.[方法]以甜玉米品种桂甜612和硒肥"锌硒葆"为试验材料,采用裂区设计,设3个叶面喷施期(拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期)主处理和6个硒肥浓度[0(CK)、0.66、0.80、1.00、1.33和2.00 g/L]副处理,在甜玉米吐丝授粉23 d后测量籽粒中硒、镉、砷含量和籽粒糖度及鲜穗产量.[结果]不同时期喷施硒肥,鲜食甜玉米籽粒硒含量均随硒肥浓度的增加而增加,其中大喇叭口期和抽雄期叶面喷施硒肥可显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)提高甜玉米籽粒硒含量.不同时期喷施不同浓度硒肥均能提高甜玉米籽粒糖度,其中拔节期、大喇叭口期喷施0.80~1.00 g/L硒肥的增甜效果较佳.拔节期、大喇叭口期喷施不同浓度硒肥处理的籽粒镉含量和砷含量均高于或等于CK,抽雄期的镉含量低于CK.随硒肥浓度的增加,拔节期的鲜穗产量呈逐渐下降趋势,大喇叭口期和抽雄期的鲜穗产量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中大喇叭口期叶面喷施0.80~1.00 g/L硒肥的增产效果最佳,高浓度(2.00 g/L)硒肥则引起叶面灼伤而造成减产.[结论]适宜生育期叶面喷施适当浓度的硒肥不仅可提高甜玉米的籽粒硒含量、改善甜度口感,还可提高其鲜穗产量,其中以甜玉米大喇叭口期叶面喷施硒肥"锌硒葆"0.80~1.00 g/L的效果最佳.硒肥是否对甜玉米重金属含量产生影响与硒肥喷施时期有关.
2017, 48(8): 1499-1503.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2017.08.27
摘要：
[目的]明确猪圆环病毒3型(Porcine circovirustype 3,PCV3)在广西猪群中的致病性及流行病学特点,为有效防控其暴发流行提供参考依据.[方法]采用PCR对广西某猪场腹泻死亡仔猪的病料样品进行PCV3检测,并对其唯一结构蛋白质(Cap)的结构进行同源模拟,构建遗传进化树;同时在线(http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/)预测Cap蛋白信号肽、糖基化位点和B细胞抗原表位.[结果]在广西某猪场腹泻死亡仔猪的病料样品中检测到PCV3.PCR扩增产物经核苷酸序列测定分析后截取Cap基因序列(645 bp),命名为PCV3/CN/Guangxi001/2017.PCV3/CN/Guangxi001/2017与13株国内PCV3毒株和5株美国PCV3毒株的Cap基因序列同源性分别在96.9%~99.4%和98.3%~99.5%,属于3b亚群;而与PCV1毒株和PCV2毒株的核苷酸序列同源性只有43.0%和45.8%,且B细胞抗原表位差异明显,在PCV1特有的B细胞抗原表位(92~103 aa)、PCV2特有的B细胞抗原表位(69~83 aa、117~131 aa和231~233 aa)及PCV1、PCV2共有的B细胞抗原表位(156~162 aa和179~192 aa)均无相似性.[结论]广西猪群中已存在PCV3感染,鉴于PCV2与PCV3间无交叉免疫保护特性,实际生产中应通过加强清洁消毒、灭鼠杀虫、定期监测、自繁自养等生物安全措施防控PCV3暴发流行.
[目的]明确猪圆环病毒3型(Porcine circovirustype 3,PCV3)在广西猪群中的致病性及流行病学特点,为有效防控其暴发流行提供参考依据.[方法]采用PCR对广西某猪场腹泻死亡仔猪的病料样品进行PCV3检测,并对其唯一结构蛋白质(Cap)的结构进行同源模拟,构建遗传进化树;同时在线(http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/)预测Cap蛋白信号肽、糖基化位点和B细胞抗原表位.[结果]在广西某猪场腹泻死亡仔猪的病料样品中检测到PCV3.PCR扩增产物经核苷酸序列测定分析后截取Cap基因序列(645 bp),命名为PCV3/CN/Guangxi001/2017.PCV3/CN/Guangxi001/2017与13株国内PCV3毒株和5株美国PCV3毒株的Cap基因序列同源性分别在96.9%~99.4%和98.3%~99.5%,属于3b亚群;而与PCV1毒株和PCV2毒株的核苷酸序列同源性只有43.0%和45.8%,且B细胞抗原表位差异明显,在PCV1特有的B细胞抗原表位(92~103 aa)、PCV2特有的B细胞抗原表位(69~83 aa、117~131 aa和231~233 aa)及PCV1、PCV2共有的B细胞抗原表位(156~162 aa和179~192 aa)均无相似性.[结论]广西猪群中已存在PCV3感染,鉴于PCV2与PCV3间无交叉免疫保护特性,实际生产中应通过加强清洁消毒、灭鼠杀虫、定期监测、自繁自养等生物安全措施防控PCV3暴发流行.
2019, 50(2): 278-285.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2019.02.09
摘要：
植物花色苷是一种广泛存在且可赋予植物组织和器官五彩缤纷色彩的植物色素,具有多种生物活性,在食品、医疗及保健品行业拥有广阔的应用前景.文章结合国内外研究情况综述了花色苷的稳定性、提取分离方法、生物活性及遗传等方面的最新研究成果,指出当前针对植物花色苷的研究主要集中在探索影响植物花色苷稳定性的因素及优化提取工艺等方面,而针对植物花色苷发挥生物活性的机理和产品开发的研究相对不足,以选育富含花色苷的植物新品种为目的的分子标记开发和分子标记辅助育种研究非常有限.提出今后需进一步提升植物花色苷的分离纯化技术,并借助现代生物技术探索植物花色苷发挥生理活性的机制;同时,应加强花色苷植物种质资源的收集、鉴定和遗传多样性分析,构建群体开发植物花色苷合成相关的分子标记,指导富含花色苷的植物新品种选育工作.
植物花色苷是一种广泛存在且可赋予植物组织和器官五彩缤纷色彩的植物色素,具有多种生物活性,在食品、医疗及保健品行业拥有广阔的应用前景.文章结合国内外研究情况综述了花色苷的稳定性、提取分离方法、生物活性及遗传等方面的最新研究成果,指出当前针对植物花色苷的研究主要集中在探索影响植物花色苷稳定性的因素及优化提取工艺等方面,而针对植物花色苷发挥生物活性的机理和产品开发的研究相对不足,以选育富含花色苷的植物新品种为目的的分子标记开发和分子标记辅助育种研究非常有限.提出今后需进一步提升植物花色苷的分离纯化技术,并借助现代生物技术探索植物花色苷发挥生理活性的机制;同时,应加强花色苷植物种质资源的收集、鉴定和遗传多样性分析,构建群体开发植物花色苷合成相关的分子标记,指导富含花色苷的植物新品种选育工作.
2020, 51(9): 2113-2119.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2020.09.008
摘要：
[目的]探讨桑枝秆、木薯秆和甘蔗渣生物炭对水稻产量及稻田土壤养分的影响,为充分利用广西桑蚕、木薯和糖料蔗产业秸秆废弃物资源实现水稻增产增收提供理论依据.[方法]采用盆栽试验,以不添加生物炭为对照,设添加桑枝秆生物炭1.5%、3.0%和4.5%;添加木薯秆生物炭1.5%、3.0%和4.5%;添加甘蔗渣生物炭1.5%、3.0%和4.5%共9个秸秆生物炭处理,于水稻主要生育期内调查水稻生长状况,收获后进行考种测产,并分析土壤pH及养分含量的变化情况.[结果]与对照相比,施用桑枝秆和甘蔗渣生物炭提高了分蘖中期和齐穗期的水稻株高,也显著提高了成熟期水稻的有效穗数和成穗率(P<0.05,下同).施用生物炭可增加水稻穗长、穗粒数和结实率(木薯秆生物炭3.0%和4.5%处理除外),对千粒重无显著影响(P>0.05).除木薯秆生物炭4.5%和甘蔗渣生物炭1.5%处理外,其他生物炭处理均可显著提高水稻产量,且桑枝秆、木薯秆和甘蔗渣3种生物炭均在添加量为3.0%时增产幅度最大,分别比对照增产38.05%、28.24%和32.73%,以桑枝秆生物炭3.0%处理的增产效果最佳.施用生物炭整体上可提高土壤的全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,降低全磷、全钾和碱解氮含量.各生物炭处理的土壤pH(甘蔗渣生物炭1.5%和3.0%处理除外)和有机质含量显著提高,以甘蔗渣生物炭对土壤有机质的提升效果最佳,桑枝秆生物炭对土壤pH的提高幅度最大.[结论]施用3种生物炭均有效提高了稻田土壤肥力及水稻产量,其中木薯秆生物炭对土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的提升作用较佳,桑枝秆生物炭对水稻产量的提升效果较优.
[目的]探讨桑枝秆、木薯秆和甘蔗渣生物炭对水稻产量及稻田土壤养分的影响,为充分利用广西桑蚕、木薯和糖料蔗产业秸秆废弃物资源实现水稻增产增收提供理论依据.[方法]采用盆栽试验,以不添加生物炭为对照,设添加桑枝秆生物炭1.5%、3.0%和4.5%;添加木薯秆生物炭1.5%、3.0%和4.5%;添加甘蔗渣生物炭1.5%、3.0%和4.5%共9个秸秆生物炭处理,于水稻主要生育期内调查水稻生长状况,收获后进行考种测产,并分析土壤pH及养分含量的变化情况.[结果]与对照相比,施用桑枝秆和甘蔗渣生物炭提高了分蘖中期和齐穗期的水稻株高,也显著提高了成熟期水稻的有效穗数和成穗率(P<0.05,下同).施用生物炭可增加水稻穗长、穗粒数和结实率(木薯秆生物炭3.0%和4.5%处理除外),对千粒重无显著影响(P>0.05).除木薯秆生物炭4.5%和甘蔗渣生物炭1.5%处理外,其他生物炭处理均可显著提高水稻产量,且桑枝秆、木薯秆和甘蔗渣3种生物炭均在添加量为3.0%时增产幅度最大,分别比对照增产38.05%、28.24%和32.73%,以桑枝秆生物炭3.0%处理的增产效果最佳.施用生物炭整体上可提高土壤的全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,降低全磷、全钾和碱解氮含量.各生物炭处理的土壤pH(甘蔗渣生物炭1.5%和3.0%处理除外)和有机质含量显著提高,以甘蔗渣生物炭对土壤有机质的提升效果最佳,桑枝秆生物炭对土壤pH的提高幅度最大.[结论]施用3种生物炭均有效提高了稻田土壤肥力及水稻产量,其中木薯秆生物炭对土壤全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的提升作用较佳,桑枝秆生物炭对水稻产量的提升效果较优.
2023, 54(8): 2195-2206.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2023.08.001
Abstract:
Effects of abamectin on the three detoxification enzyme systems in Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillett)
2023, 54(7): 1893-1902.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2023.07.001
Abstract:
Notice
More>
News
More>
In 2008, The higher cited papers published in JCCS 18 March 2011
In 2007, The higher cited papers published in JCCS 18 March 2011
In 2006, The higher cited papers published in JCCS 18 March 2011
New Column of “Sustainable Inorganic Energy Materials" in JCCS 18 March 2011
Links
More>