Abstract
【Objective】To study the effects of water-fertilizer interaction in different soil types on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and yield of maize, which could provide theoretical basis for soil-specific fertilization and irrigation as well as efficient utilization of resources in maize cultivation in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. 【Method】The spatial displacement method was adopted. Based on years of soil and fertilizer pool planting positioning experiments, a random block design was used. Three main treatments, namely soil type, moisture and fertilization, were set up. Three types of soil were set（lime concretion black soil, sandy fluvo-aquic soil and clay fluvo-aquic soil）. Two gradients of moisture were set（drought and irrigation）, and three gradients of fertilization were set（no fertilization, medium fertilization and high fertilization）. The leaf area index of maize was determined during the main growth period, the photosynthetic and physiological indicators of maize were measured during the silking period, and the dry matter accumulation and yield indicators were determined during the maturity period. Correlation analysis was conducted on the photosynthetic parameters of maize leaves, physiological indicators and yield indicators. Meanwhile, the optimal treatment combinations under the water-fertilizer interaction in different soil types were screened. 【Result】There were differences in leaf area index,photosynthetic characteristics, physiological characteristics,plant material accumulation and grain yield of maize among different soil types under different water-fertilizer conditions. The effects of irrigation under different water conditions on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of maize were different. Under the condition of no fertilization,the leaf area index,chlorophyll relative content（SPAD value） and leaf photosynthetic rate of maize under irrigation in lime concretion black soil,sandy fluvo-aquic soil and clay fluvo-aquic soil increased by 30.1%,11.8%,and 15.8% on average respectively compared to drought treatment. The total dry weight of plants increased by 19.7% on average,and the grain yield increased by 21.0% on average. Under medium fertilization condition,the leaf area index,SPAD value and leaf photosynthetic rate of maize increased by 22.3%,22.7% and 33.5% on average respectively compared to drought treatment, the total dry matter dry weight of the plant increased by 41.8% on average,and the grain yield increased by 36.6% on average. Under high fertilization condition,the leaf area index,SPAD value and leaf photosynthetic rate of maize increased by 16.0%,29.2%,and 40.7% on average respectively compared to drought treatment, the total dry matter dry weight of the plant increased by 53.9% on average,and the grain yield increased by 47.1% on average. The effects of fertilization under different moisture conditions on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of maize were also different. Under drought conditions,the leaf area index of maize treated with medium fertilization and high fertilization increased by 24.4% and 39.8% on average,the SPAD value increased by 23.6% and 31.0% on average,the leaf photosynthetic rate increased by 21.0% and 26.3% on average,the total dry weight of plants increased by 33.7% and 41.5% on average,and the grain yield increased by 46.2% and 57.0% on average respectively compared to the no fertilization treatment. Under irrigation conditions, the leaf area index of maize treated with medium fertilization and high fertilization increased by 16.9% and 24.6% on average,SPAD values increased by 35.4% and 51.7% on average,leaf photosynthetic rates increased by 39.2% and 53.3% on average,total dry weight of plants increased by 58.4% and 82.4% on average,and grain yield increased by 65.1% and 91.3% on average respectively compared to the no fertilization treatment. Among different treatments in this experiment,the maize grain yield was the highest in the lime concretion black soil high fertilization irrigation treatment, it increased yield by 186.1% compared with the same soil type under drought treatment without fertilization. Correlation analysis indicated that there were extremely significantly and positively correlation between the photosynthetic parameters of maize leaves,dry matter weight and grain yield（P＜0.01）,and the patterns of the 3 soil types were basically consistent. The results of the effect analysis of the 3 main treatments showed that among the soil×water×fertilizer interaction effects, the combination of sandy fluvo-aquic soil×irrigation×high fertilization was the best. 【Conclusion】The water-fertilizer interaction in different soil types improves the leaf photosynthetic characteristics,enhances the leaf physiological characteristics,increases plant material accumulation and grain yield of maize. The sandy fluvo-aquic soil with low basic fertility should be fertilized incrementally,fertilized,irrigated in time in case of drought,maintain adequate water supply,and improve soil productivity;the lime concretion black soil and clay fluvo-aquic soil with high basic fertility should be properly fertilized to make full use of soil nutrients,while maintaining appropriate water supply and improving resource utilization efficiency.
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