Nutritional analysis and health risk assessment of Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryos

【Objective】 To clarify the nutritional quality and heavy metal pollution situation of Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryos under different cultivation modes and screen suitable cultivation modes for Dictyophora rubrovolvata in Guizhou，which could provide theoretical basis for promoting the green development of Dictyophora rubrovolvata industry. 【Method】 Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryo and overburden soil samples were collected from 3 cultivation modes： understory cultivation mode，traditional greenhouse cultivation mode and the facility cultivation mode. The agronomic traits and nutrient components of Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryos grown under these modes were analyzed. The single factor pollution index（P_i），Nemeiro comprehensive pollution index（P_synthesis），target hazard coefficient（THQ），total target hazard coefficient（TTHQ），single heavy metal potential ecological risk index（E_i），and multiple heavy metal potential ecological risk assessment（RI）were used to analyze the lead（Pb），arsenic（As），mercury（Hg），cadmium （Cd），and chromium （Cr） contents in the embryo of Dictyophora rubrovolvata and soils cultivated under different modes. 【Result】 The Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryos grown under the traditional greenhouse mode showed better agronomic traits than facility cultivation mode and understory cultivation mode，and nutritional indexes ash content was 0.400- 0.470 g/100 g，protein content was 3.030-4.623 g/100 g，total dietary fibers content was 3.627-3.807 g/100 g，and crude polysaccharides content was 1.453-2.250 g/100 g. Among them，the protein content of Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryo in the understory cultivation mode was significantly higher than that in the traditional greenhouse cultivation mode and the facility cultivation mode（P<0.05），and the facility cultivation mode had the highest content of ash，total dietary fiber and crude polysaccharide. The heavy metal contents of Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryos grown under the facility cultivation mode did not exceed specified limits and complied with the national safety standards. When evaluating the degree of heavy metal contamination in Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryos cultivated under the different modes，the P_i，P_synthesis， THQ，and TTHQ values of Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryos grown under the facility cultivation model were found to comply with the health risk standards and were lower than those of the embryos grown under the understory cultivation mode and traditional greenhouse cultivation models. The risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil of Dictyophora rubrovolvata under different cultivation modes were calculated referred to the soil pollution risk screening values in the national standard GB 15681-2018 and the soil background values in Guizhou，the resulting E_i and RI values were <150（class 1 level）and thus，representing a slight ecological risk. The heavy metal enrichment coefficients and comprehensive evaluation indicated that Dictyophora rubrovolvata demonstrated a strong enrichment capacity for Hg and Cd. 【Conclusion】 Under the facility cultivation mode，Dictyophora rubrovolvata embryos exhibit excellent commercial quality，rich nutritional components，and non-exceeding heavy metal content. The soil covering and environmental factors are controllable， making this cultivation mode worthy of promotion and application.