Genetic composition and important trait functional genes composition of wheat

【Objective】 To investigate the composition of genetic material and important functional genes of wheat variety Xinmai 136，with a view to providing theoretical reference for the selection and breeding of new wheat varieties and the creation of germplasm resources. 【Method】 Xinmai 136 and its female parent Yangmai 15-1 and male parent Xinmai 79 were detected by 55K SNP chip scanning and KASP functional markers to determine the genetic composition and the composition of related functional genes such as adaptability，yield，grain quality，flour quality and stress resistance. 【Result】 A total of 40465 effective SNP loci were obtained in Xinmai 136 and its parents，among which 9399 loci showed rich polymorphism between the female parent Yangmai 15-1 and male parent Xinmai 79，with heterogeneous distribution on 21 chromosomes and 3 genomes，A，B and D. The average genetic contributions of the female parent Yangmai 15-1 and male parent Xinmai 79 to Xinmai 136 were 49.26% and 50.74% respectively. There were 9 chromosomes in which the genetic contribution of female parent Yangmai 15-1 was greater than that of male parent Xinmai 79，while the other 12 chromosomes showed that the genetic contribution of male parent Xinmai 79 was greater than that of female parent Yangmai 15-1. Regarding the genes related to adaptation，Xinmai 136 was completely identical to female parent Yangmai 15-1 and male parent Xinmai 79 in terms of the genes for flowering（1 gene），vernalisation（3 genes），photoperiodi-city（3 genes） and awn（1 gene）. There was only difference in the plant height Rht-D1 gene，with Xinmai 136 and its female parent Yangmai 15-1 showing dwarf culms，male parent Xinmai 79 showing high culms. In terms of yield related genes，both Xinmai 136 and its parents showed high thousand-kernel weight in TaGW2-6B，TGW7A and Sus1-7A genes，while both Xinmai 136 and its male parent Xinmai 79 showed high biomass in TaGS2-B1 gene. For grain quality related genes，both Xinmai 136 and its parents contained high molecular weight glutenin subunit content gene（Glu-A3），low molecular weight glutenin subunit content genes（Glu-B3，Glu-B3e and Glu-A3b），normal protein content gene（GCP）and increased protein content gene（NAM-6A）. For flour quality related traits，Xinmai 136 and its parents showed low yellow pigment content in TaPds-B1，PsyB1c and PsyA1 genes and high dough strength in ALPb7A gene. As for the resistance related genes，both Xinmai 136 and its parents showed culm rust susceptibility on Sr36 gene，leaf rust resistance on Lr34 gene，spike germination susceptibility on TaMFT gene，spike germination resistance on Vp1B1 and TaSdr-B1 genes，and drought resistance on TaDreb-B1 gene；and showed low expression on 1fehw3 gene. 【Conclusion】 In the process of transmission of genetic material from the female parent Yangmai 15-1 and the male parent Xinmai 79 to the offspring Xinmai 136，severe segregation occurs under the influence of directional selection in breeding，and the main way of transmission of genetic material is recombination and integration of large segments of chromosomes，and the genetic materials of Xinmai 136 mainly come from the male parent Xinmai 79. The results of gene analysis for important traits are basically consistent with their actual production performance（early maturity，resistance to failure，stable yield，good quality， weak gluten，disease resistance，drought resistance，and resistance to spike germination）.