Analysis of main agronomic traits and yield of tested wheat varieties in regional experiment in Jiaozuo during 2017-2022

【Objective】The purpose of the study was to analyze the evolution of main agronomic traits of new wheat varieties and their relationship with yield in Huanghuai wheat region in recent years，in order to provide reference for wheat breeding and production in Jiaozuo and the same ecological areas.【Method】Using 694 tested new wheat varieties in the 2017-2022 Jiaozuo wheat regional test as experimental materials，main agronomic traits including growth period， basic seedling，number of effective panicle，grain number per panicle，1000-grain weight，plant height and yield were comprehensively analyzed by diversity analysis，correlation analysis，partial correlation analysis，path analysis and stepwise regression analysis.【Result】The coefficient variation of 7 main agronomic traits in 694 tested wheat varieties was 2.37%-20.23%，with an average value of 13.19%. The genetic diversity index was 1.7460-2.0838，with an average value of 1.9561. The overall level of wheat yield was high，and the wheat yield in different years was 5125.92-8602.19 kg/ha. The number of effective panicle was 7427000-5510500 panicle / ha，the grain number per panicle was higher than 31 grains（except in 2018），and the 1000-grain weight was 43.39-50.10 g. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a certain degree of correlations among 7 agronomic traits，and correlation degree on yield ranked as grain number per panicle（r=0.556）＞basic seedling（r=- 0.460）＞growth period（r=0.412）＞1000-grain weight（r=0.387）＞plant height（r=0.158）＞number of effective panicle（r=-0.051）. The results of partial correlation analysis showed that the degree of correlation of main agronomic traits on yield ranked as grain number per panicle（r=0.629）＞growth period（r= 0.462）＞number of effective panicle（r=0.363） ＞1000-grain weight（r=0.342） ＞basic seedling（r=-0.297） ＞plant height（r= 0.101）. The results of path analysis showed that the comprehensive contribution on yield was in the order of grain number per panicle（0.5970）＞growth period（0.5054）＞basic seedling（∣-0.4563 ∣）＞1000-grain weight（0.4068）＞plant height （0.2015）＞ number of effective panicle（∣-0.0402∣）. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that grain number per panicle，growth period，1000-grain weight and number of effective panicle were the main determinants of yield. 【Conclusion】According to the comprehensive analysis of the new wheat varieties in Huanghuai wheat area，the grain number per panicle has the greatest influence on the yield. Therefore，the synergistic balance of the three yield components should be emphasized，breeding and cultivation methods to stabilize and increase the number of wheat grains per panicle is an important way for high and stable wheat yield in Jiaozuo and the same ecological areas.