Phenological investigation and variation analysis of yield and quality of Akebia Decne. germplasm resources

【Objective】To investigate the phenological period and analyze the phenotypic diversity of Akebia Decne.， so as to provide theoretical basis for more efficient and in-depth utilization of Akebia Decne. germplasm.【Method】21 samples of Akebia Decne. were used to observe and record the phenological period of different germplasms，and the variation characteristics and diversity of qualitative characters，yield traits，quality traits，pulp quality，peel quality and seed oil quality were analyzed. Finally，the index and germplasm were classified by two types of cluster analysis（R type and Q type）.【Result】The results showed that A. trifoliate（Thunb.）Koidz was different from A. trifoliatr（Thunb）Koidz. var. australis（Diels）Rehd. and Akebia quinata（Thunb.）Decne in terms of phenology. Its overall growth period was longer and its maturity period was later. At the same time，the fading of young fruit was also different from the other two types. The Shannon diversity index of the 6 qualitative characters was 0.70-3.29，only fruit color and shape had high Shannon diversity index. The CV values of 14 yield characters ranged from 8.55% to 45.31%，and Shannon diversity index ranged from 2.45 to 2.91. In the pulp quality，only the moisture content’s CV value was less than 10.00%，the Shannon diversity index of most indicators was above 2.40. The CV value of the peel quality index was 13.01%-160.55%，and the Shannon diversity index value was 1.72-2.79；the CV value of palmitic acid and saponification value and Shannon diversity index were small in the quality index of seed oil，and the CV value of the other indexes was 12.33%-119.20%，Shannon diversity index was 2.18-2.89. The R-type cluster reduced 35 indexes to 18 indexes. After Q-type cluster analysis of 18 indexes， four groups were obtained. Among them，group I（B2-B8）were all Akebia Decne. The main characteristics were larger single fruit weight（177.53 g），higher seed oil content（43.67%），and higher total sugar content in pulp（213.29 mg/g）. The pulp was also soft and waxy（amylose-amylopectin ratio was 1.52）. The content of a-ivy saponin（2.30%），xylitonin B（0.35%）and pectin（9.53%）in the pericarp were higher.【Conclusion】The phenotypic variation and diversity of 21 Akebia Decne. plants are large，which can meet the needs of different product processing. Group I has better quality and can be used as a good breeding material.