张小琴, 罗金龙, 李燕, 梁思慧, 刘忠英, 沈强. 2024: 不同造型白化绿茶滋味化学成分及感官品质分析. 南方农业学报, 55(3): 855-864. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2024.03.025
引用本文: 张小琴, 罗金龙, 李燕, 梁思慧, 刘忠英, 沈强. 2024: 不同造型白化绿茶滋味化学成分及感官品质分析. 南方农业学报, 55(3): 855-864. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2024.03.025
ZHANG Xiao-qin, LUO Jin-long, LI Yan, LIANG Si-hui, LIU Zhong-ying, SHEN Qiang. 2024: Taste chemical components and sensory quality of albino green tea in different shapes. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 55(3): 855-864. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2024.03.025
Citation: ZHANG Xiao-qin, LUO Jin-long, LI Yan, LIANG Si-hui, LIU Zhong-ying, SHEN Qiang. 2024: Taste chemical components and sensory quality of albino green tea in different shapes. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 55(3): 855-864. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2024.03.025

不同造型白化绿茶滋味化学成分及感官品质分析

Taste chemical components and sensory quality of albino green tea in different shapes

  • 摘要: 【目的】分析不同造型白化绿茶滋味化学成分及感官品质的差异,为开发白化茶树品种产品制定适宜的工艺流程提供参考依据。【方法】以白化茶树品种白叶1号鲜叶为原料,采用瓶式炒干机、双锅曲毫机和理条机3种设备分别制成卷曲形、颗粒形和松针形白化绿茶,运用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)等方法检测茶叶常规品质成分、氨基酸组分和儿茶素组分,采用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)和层次聚类分析(HCA)筛选关键特征品质成分,通过感官审评方法评价茶叶品质并分析其与特征成分的相关性。【结果】颗粒形白化绿茶茶多酚含量17.69%、酚氨比2.70,显著低于松针形和卷曲形(P<0.05,下同),鲜甜味氨基酸总量23.16 mg/g、茶氨酸含量18.14 mg/g、谷氨酸含量1.26 mg/g、天冬氨酸含量1.74 mg/g、丙氨酸含量0.13 mg/g、苏氨酸含量0.33 mg/g、缬氨酸含量0.26 mg/g,均显著高于松针形,同时鲜甜味氨基酸占比最大(84.74%)、苦味氨基酸占比最小(11.23%)。多元统计分析表明,不同造型白化绿茶差异品质成分主要有茶氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸和甘氨酸4个鲜甜味氨基酸,异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸5个苦味氨基酸,甜略带苦味的脯氨酸和滋味未知的半胱氨酸,儿茶素没食子酸酯(CG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)和茶多酚3个酚类物质以及游离氨基酸和酚氨比;颗粒形白化绿茶的游离氨基酸总量及CG、茶氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸、组氨酸和异亮氨酸含量明显高于松针形和卷曲形。感官审评总分以颗粒形(92.83分)和松针形(92.34分)显著高于卷曲形(84.43分),滋味因子得分以颗粒形(28.15分)最高、松针形(27.65分)次之,外形、汤色和香气因子得分均以颗粒形和松针形显著高于卷曲形,叶底因子得分以松针形(9.23分)最高。滋味因子与半胱氨酸、ECG、CG呈显著正相关,与精氨酸、酪氨酸、赖氨酸和脯氨酸呈极显著(P<0.01)或显著负相关。【结论】颗粒形白化绿茶鲜甜味氨基酸占比大,茶多酚含量和酚氨比较低,酯型儿茶素总量适中,在3种造型中滋味品质和综合品质最佳;松针形白化绿茶酯型儿茶素总量最高,苦味氨基酸总量最低,叶底得分最高,滋味得分次高,感官综合品质优于卷曲形。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】The difference of tast chemical components and sensory quality of albino green tea in different shapes was analyzed to provide reference for the development of albino tea variety products and the formulation of appropriate technological process. 【Method】With the fresh leaves of the albino tea tree Baiye No. 1 as raw materials, the albino green tea in the shapes of crimp, granule and pine needle was prepared by bottle stir-frying machine, double pot curler and strip machine, respectively. The conventional quality components, amino acid components and catechin components of the tea were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to screen the key characteristic quality components. Finally, sensory evaluation method was used to evaluate tea quality and analyze the relationship between tea quality and characteristic components. 【Result】The polyphenols content of granular shape albino green tea were 17.69% and the phenol-to-ammonia ratio was 2.70, which were significantly lower than those of pine needle shape and crimp shape(P<0.05, the same below). The total amount of sweet amino acids(23.16 mg/g), theanine content (18.14 mg/g), glutamic acid content (1.26 mg/g), aspartate content (1.74 mg/g), alanine content (0.13 mg/g), threonine content(0.33 mg/g) and valine content(0.26 mg/g) were significantly higher than that of pine needle shape. At the same time, the proportion of sweet amino acids was the largest(84.74%), and the proportion of bitter amino acids was the smallest(11.23%). Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the different quality components of albino green tea in different shapes were mainly sweet amino acids(theanine, glutamic acid, threonine and glycine), bitter amino acids (isoleucine, tyrosine, histidine, lysine and arginine), sweet and slightly bitter proline and cysteine with unknown taste, catechin gallate (CG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), three phenols of tea polyphenols, total free amino acids and phenolammonia ratio. The total amount of free amino acids, CG, theanine, glutamic acid, threonine, histidine and isoleucine of granular shape albino green tea were greatly higher than those of pine needle shape and crimp shape. Granular shape (92.83 points) and pine needle shape(92.34 points) were significantly higher than crimp shape(84.43 points) in sensory evaluation, flavor factor of grain shape(28.15 points) was the highest and that of pine needle shape(27.65 points) was the second, the scores of shape, soup color and aroma factors were significantly higher than those for granular and pine needle shapes, and the score of brewed leaf factor was the highest for pine needle shape (9.23 points). The taste factor was significantly positively correlated with cysteine, ECG and CG, and extremely significantly (P<0.01) or significantly negatively correlated with arginine, tyrosine, lysine and proline. 【Conclusion】Granule albino green tea has the highest proportion of sweet amino acids, low proportions of polyphenols and phenolamine, moderate proportion of ester catechins, and has the best taste quality and comprehensive quality among the three models. Pine needle shape albino green tea has the highest ester catechins, the lowest total bitter amino acids, the highest leaf base score, the second highest taste score, and the comprehensive sensory quality is better than that of crimp shape green tea.

     

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