Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of the study was to provide theoretical reference for the breeding of early maturing Luffa acutangula varieties through the analysis of major genes+polygene genetic model for early-maturity related traits.【Method】A six-generation genetic population was constructed using the high-generation inbred lines LC034(♀)and LC052(♂)of L.acutangula as parents,four early-maturity related traits of L.acutangula(the first female flower node,the first blooming date,the first fruit setting node and the first harvest date) were carried out by using major genes+polygene inheritance segregation analysis.【Result】The four early-maturity related traits of LC034 were extremely significantly lower than those of LC052 (P<0.01).The coefficients of variation for the four early-maturity related traits in the F₁,BC₁P₁,BC₁P₂,and F₂ populations were 8.70%-25.46%,14.77%-37.67%,19.93%-38.97%,and 22.37%-46.81%.More-over,the separation frequency distribution of the four early-maturity related traits in the F₂ population contained the mixed distribution of multiple normal distributions.The optimal genetic model of the first female flower node and the first fruit setting node was the MX2-ADI-ADI model,which was controlled by 2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes+additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes.The major gene heritability (h²_mg) of the first female flower node in BC₁P₁,BC₁P₂,and F₂ generations was 4.63%,84.69%and 79.99%,respectively,while the polygenic heritability (h²_pg) was74.60%,0 and 0.The h²_mg of the first fruit setting node in BC₁P₁,BC₁P₂,and F₂ generations was 2.38%,82.86%and76.45%,respectively,while the h²_pg was 57.04%,0 and 0.The optimal genetic model of the first blooming date was 2MG-ADI,which was controlled by 2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes.The h²_mg of BC₁P₁,BC₁P₂,and F₂ generations was 72.02%,79.05%,86.53%respectively.The optimal genetic model of the first harvest date was 2MG-AD,which was controlled by 2 pairs of additive-dominant major genes.The h²_mg of the first harvest date in BC₁P₁,BC₁P₂,and F₂ gen-erations was 62.33%,84.79%and 85.07%respectively.【Conclusion】The the first female flower node,the first blooming date,the first fruit setting node and the first harvest date of L.acutangula are all characterized by quantitative traits and are controlled by polygenes,among which the first female flower node and the first fruit setting node are controlled by 2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes+additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes,the first blooming date is controlled by2 pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes,the first harvest date is controlled by 2 pairs of additive-dominant major genes.