Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of gga-miR-30d-5p on abdominal fat and intramuscular fat deposition of chicken,and to provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of abdominal fat and intramuscular fat deposition in chickens.【Method】Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of gga-miR-30d-5p in different tissues of S3 line chickens and recessive white feather chickens at different developmental periods. The gga-miR-30d-5p mimics and inhibitor were transfected to observe the changes of fat deposition in adipocytes.【Result】The gga-miR-30d-5p was expressed in heart,liver,spleen,sebum,abdominal fat,chest muscle,kidney,ovary and leg tissues. In abdominal fat tissue,gga-miR-30d-5p expression at 0 week of age showed significant difference between breeds(P<0.05,the same below),and the expression at 0 week of age was significantly higher than that of other weeks of age. In liver tissues,there were significant breed differences in the expression of gga-miR-30d-5p at 0,14 and 16 weeks of age. In S3 line chickens,the expression of gga-miR-30d-5p increased gradually with the growth of developmental period,and the expression at 16 weeks of age was significantly higher than that of other weeks of age. In recessive white chickens,the expression was the highest at16 weeks of age significantly higher than that of 8 weeks. In leg muscle tissues,gga-miR-30d-5p expression at 2 weeks of age showed significant difference between breeds. In adipocyts,the expression of gga-miR-30d-5p was significantly higher than that in the proliferation period after 4 d after inducing differentiation. Lipid drop deposition was extremely significantly increased in adipocytes after transfection with gga-miR-30d-5p mimics(P<0.01,the same below). Lipid drop deposition was extremely significantly decreased in adipocytes after transfection with gga-miR-30d-5p inhibitor. The enrichment analysis results of GO functional annotation and KEGG signal pathway of target genes showed that SOCS3 and PGP may be the predicted target genes of gga-miR-30d-5p to regulate fat deposition.【Conclusion】The expression of gga-miR-30d-5p in chicken liver,abdominal fat and leg muscle tissues shows significant difference between breeds. Lipid drop deposition in adipocytes is significantly increased/decreased after transfection with gga-miR-30d-5p mimics/inhibitor. The gga-miR-30d-5p has the effects of promoting abdominal fat and intramuscular fat deposition in chickens.