Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of the study was to collect wild sugarcane germplasm resources in Yunnan and analyze the genetic diversity to screen out the excellent germplasm resources,to provide excellent parents for the genetic improvement of sugarcane varieties,and also to provide a theoretical basis for the utilization and conservation of wild sugarcane germplasm resources.【Method】The wild sugarcane germplasm resources were collected by sampling every 30 km or 100 m altitude difference. Geographical information of the investigation collection route was recorded. Phenotypic traits investigation and image collection were completed. And samples of underground rhizomes(underground seed buds)were taken and preserved. The six phenotypic traits were comprehensively evaluated by genetic variation analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis,and their genetic diversity was analyzed.【Result】The wild sugarcane resource investigation team collected for 20 d and passed through 51 townships in 11 counties(cities). A total of 191 wild sugarcane germplasm resources were collected,which belonged to 3 genera and 5 species,including 42 of Erianthus rockii,53 of Sacchuram spontaneum,20 of Micanthus sinensis,35 of Erianthus arundinacius and 41 of Erianthus fulvus. They were mainly distributed in the geographical areas of 23°12'0″N-25°18'0″N,101°51'0″E-104°36'0″E and altitude 208.45-2238.71 m. There was abundant variation in phenotypic traits of wild sugarcane germplasm resources,with the coefficient of variation for phenotypic traits ranging from 18.33% to 51.76%. The average coefficient of variation of 40.95% in S. spontaneum was the highest,followed by the average coefficient of variation of 38.61% in E. arundinacius,and the smallest coefficient of variation was 33.80% in M. sinensis. Both latitude and altitude were extremely significantly(P<0.01)negatively correlated with leaf width,stalk height and stalk diameter,while brix was not significantly(P>0.05)correlated with longitude,latitude and altitude. Cluster analysis and screening of excellent resources showed that E. rockii germplasm group Ⅲ(Er2021-29),S. spontaneum germplasm groupⅡ(Sp2021-25,Sp2021-26 and Sp2021-21),M. sinensis germplasm groupⅡ(Ma2021-15),E. arundinacius germplasm group Ⅳ(Ea2021-8),E. fulvus germplasm groupⅠ(ef2021-1)had good yield and quality traits.【Conclusion】This wild sugarcane germplasm collection action makes up for the gaps in the systematic investigation of blind areas in some counties and cities of Yunnan by the National Sugarcane Germplasm Resource Nursery(Kaiyuan). The collected 191 wild sugarcane resources are rich in genetic diversity in terms of phenotypic traits. Some of the special materials have excellent traits that other wild sugarcane resources do not have,and there are seven germplasms with excellent overall performance and good potential for utilization.