Abstract: The chemical instability of many bioactive components reduces their bioavailability and efficacy. Plantbased nanocellulose particles exhibit excellent performance in the formulation of novel Pickering emulsions due to their biocompatibility， reproducibility and low cost， and can be used as encapsulation and delivery systems to improve the stability and bioavailability of bioactive component. The article summarizes the latest research progress in plant-based nanocellulose sources， classification， and commonly used preparation methods， types of nanocellulose-stabilized food-grade Pickering emulsions and their encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive components as delivery systems. According to the problems requiring further research on the safety of nano-cellulose emulsion in food matrix， it was proposed that the in vivo toxicity study of nano-cellulose should be further improved in the future， and use in vivo model to deeply explore the effect of nanocellulose on colonic microflora and overall intestinal health，carry out theoretical and applied research on the release mechanism of bioactive component from nanocellulose emulsions and the compatibility and efficacy of functional emulsions with real food systems. It is excepted that this review will provide references for the application of cellulose sources in food field.