膨化秸秆还田对寒地水稻养分积累、转运、分配及产量的影响
Effects of puffed straw returning on nutrient accumulation， transport， distribution and yield of rice in cold region
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摘要: 【目的】分析膨化秸秆还田对寒地水稻养分积累、运转、分配及产量的影响，筛选膨化秸秆适宜的还田量，为探索水稻秸秆资源的高效利用提供理论和技术支持。【方法】采用盆栽试验，以水稻品种垦粳8号为试验材料，以秸秆不还田（秸秆用量为0）为对照（CK），设25%、50%、75%和100%（当地常规秸秆还田量7500 kg/ha） 4个膨化秸秆还田量处理，分析不同处理间水稻植株氮、磷、钾的吸收、运转、分配及产量差异。【结果】不同水稻秸秆还田处理中，均以25%处理的地上部氮、磷、钾积累量最高或较高，2020和2021年成熟期地上部氮积累量分别较CK提高1.10%和10.53%；2021年磷和钾积累量较CK提高1.30%和3.04%。25%处理能促进茎叶氮、钾向籽粒运转，进而提高氮、钾的转运量、转运率和贡献率，有利于成熟期叶片、茎鞘和穗中氮、钾的积累。从产量及其构成因素来看，膨化秸秆还田通过增加水稻穗粒数和结实率，进而提高水稻产量，其中，25%处理的产量显著高于CK及其他秸秆还田处理，2020和2021年分别较CK提高5.54%和8.93%。【结论】 25%膨化秸秆还田量处理能促进寒地水稻的氮、磷、钾积累及植株营养器官氮和钾向籽粒转运，且产量较高，可尝试在寒地水稻生产中推广应用。Abstract: 【Objective】To analyze effects of puffed straw returning on nutrient accumulation， transport， distribution and yield of rice in cold region， and to screen the appropriate returning amount of puffed straw，so as to provide theoretical and technical support for exploring efficient utilization of rice straw resources.【Method】 A pot experiment was conducted， in which rice variety Kenjing 8 was taken as the experimental material. Taking no straw returning（0 straw dosage）as control （CK），four treatments of puffed straw returning amount（25%， 50%， 75% and 100%）were set（local conventional straw returning amount was 7500 kg/ha）to analyze difference in nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）uptake， transport and distribution of rice plants and rice yield among various treatments.【Result】 In puffed straw returning treatments，the higher or the highest N，P and K accumulation amount in above-ground parts were all found in the treatment of 25%，and in 2020 and 2021，N accumulation amount in above-ground parts at maturity stage increased by 1.10% and 10.53% compared with that of CK respectively. In 2021，P and K accumulation amount increased by 1.30% and 3.04% compared with that of CK. The treatment of 25% could facilitate N and K transport from stem and leaf to grain，thereby lifting N and K transport amount，transport rate and contribution rate，which was beneficial to N and K accumulations in leaf，stem sheath and panicle at maturity stage. In terms of yieldand its components，puffed straw returning increased grains per panicle，seed setting rate of rice，thus boosting rice yield. Rice yield in the treatment of 25% was significantly higher than those in CK and other straw returning treatments in 2020 and 2021，rice yield in the treatment of 25% were 5.54% and 8.93% higher than that in CK，respectively.【Conclusion】 The treatment of 25% puffed straw returning amount facilitates N，P and K accumulation of rice in cold region，N and P transport from vegetative organs of the plant to grains， and the rice yield in the treatment is high. Therefore， it could be probably applied in rice production in cold region.
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