Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to provide theoretical basis for improving soil fertility and soil environment in Hainan rubber plantation according to local conditions, by investigating the composition and diversity characteristics of soil fungal community in different parent materials, and analyzing the relationship between soil fungal communities characters and soil environmental factors.【Method】 Soil samples were analyzed by means of internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence based Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, which were collected under the four types of parent materials(basalt, granite, metamorphic rock and shallow marine sediments). The composition and diversity of soil fungal communities in rubber forest soil under the four parent materials were analyzed.【Result】 The soil physical and chemical properties of different parent materials were obviously different, and the nutrient content was unbalanced.Resultsshowed that a total of 16 phyla, 47 classes, 110 orders, 203 families, 360 genera, 462 fungal species and 3987 fungal OTUs were identified. In the soils of the four types of parent materials, besides a huge number of unidentified fungi, Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota in the fungal communities were the most dominant groups found in rubber plantation, while the relative abundance of non-dominant fungi was different. There were significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant(P<0.01) differences of Coverage index and Chao1 index of soil fungi in the four parent material types, while the diversity Shannon index and Simpson index showed no significant differences(P>0.05). The difference in the structure similarities of soil fungal communities with different parent materials was found through analysis of fungal community structures by NMDS and Heat Map, that granite belonged to the first category, metamorphic rocks the second category, and basalt and shallow sea sediments the third category. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicated that the characteristics of soil fungus community was closely related to some soil environmental factors.【Conclusion】 There are differences in microbial community structure among different soil parent materials, which is due to the close correlation between soil fungal community characteristics and some soil physical and chemical indexes such as moisture content and available nutrients, and the main influencing factors are organic carbon, available nitrogen, total nitrogen and carbon nitrogen ratio.