Abstract: ObjectiveThe pathogen of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg.anthracnose was isolated and identified in or-der to lay an etialogical foundation for effective control of A.sinensis anthracnose.MethodAnthracnose samples were collected in A.sinensis fields.The pathogen was isolated by conventional tissue separation,and pathogenicity test was conducted using wound inoculation method.Using morphological study,and combining internal transcribed spacer(ITS) in pathogen ribosome,β-tubulin(TUB2)and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphoric acid dehydrogenase(GPDH)molecular sys-tematic analysis,the isolated strains were identified.ResultIsolated strain AC01 was obtained.After 7 d of culturing AC01 on PDA medium at 25℃in the dark,the round colony was white or offwhite at first,then turned greyish black later.Their colorless and cylindrical conidia were single cells.Their both ends were blunt or one end was slightly sharp.Its average size was(17.09±1.11)μm×(5.26±0.55)μm.Conidial appressoria were light brown,oval,with smooth and com-plete edge,whose average size was(6.72±0.77)μm×(5.45±0.68)μm.Based on genetic combination phylogenetic tree of ITS,TUB2 and GPDH in pathogen,strain AC01 and Colletotrichum fructicola were clustered in the same evolutionary branch.ConclusionStrain AC01 is identified as Colletotrichum fructicola according to morphological characteristics and phylogenetic tree analysis.It is the first report in China that C.fructicola caused anthracnose in A.sinensis field.