Abstract: 【Objective】The genetic diversity of agronomic characters and quality characters of Chinese chive resources was analyzed in order to provide reference for identification,evaluation and innovation of chive resources. 【Method】A total of 73 Chinese chive resources were collected from all over China,11 quantitative traits,4 qualitative traits and 4 quality traits were investigated and analyzed. The genetic diversity and cluster analysis of these traits were carried out.【Result】 The genetic background of agronomic traits of 73 Chinese chive resources was rich. The genetic diversity index(H')of leaf thickness and leaf chlorophyll content was the highest among all traits. Among the four quality traits,the highest H' was soluble protein content,and the genetic coefficient of cellulose content was the highest. The plant height of Chinese chive had extremely significant positive correlation with plant weight,leaf length,leaf width and pseudostem length(P<0.01). Agronomic traits such as plant height,single plant weight,leaf chlorophyll content,leaf thickness,leaf glossiness had great influence on the quality traits of Chinese chive. The typical correlation coefficient between yield and agronomic traits was 0.763,path analysis indicated that plant height,leaf length, number of leaves per plant and pseudostem diameter played an important role in the yield of Chinese chive. The principal component analysis found that the first principal component was leaf length. The genetic difference analysis could divide 73 Chinese chive resources into 6 groups,among which group Ⅳ could be used as high-yield breeding materials because of its heavier plant weight,longer leaf length and higher leaf chlorophyll content. The Ⅴ group had higher plant height,smaller plant angle and higher glossiness,which could be used for breeding upright type Chinese chive varieties.【Conclusion】The agronomic traits and quality traits of 73 Chinese chive resources have abundant variation,and the germplasm resources can be utilized and innovated by integrating the agronomic traits and quality traits.