Genetic diversity analysis of main agronomic and quality traits of 251 wheat germplasm resources
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摘要: 【目的】对宁夏麦区小麦种质资源进行遗传多样性分析，筛选出优异种质资源，为拓宽宁夏小麦种质资源的遗传基础及挖掘育种骨干亲本提供基础材料。【方法】以来源于国内外的251份小麦种质资源为材料，对其主要农艺与品质性状进行变异、相关及聚类分析，并计算Shannon-Wiener遗传多样性指数（H'）和隶属函数值，对供试小麦种质资源进行综合评价。【结果】251份小麦种质的10个农艺性状变异系数为15.01%~37.01%，9个品质性状变异系数为2.05%~12.56%；农艺和品质性状的遗传多样性指数为2.17~2.30，平均为2.27。10个农艺性状间存在不同程度的相关性，9个品质性状间也存在不同程度的相关性。251份小麦种质分为六大类群，类群Ⅰ~Ⅵ包括材料数分别为35、40、53、55、40和28份，其中，类群Ⅰ的平均出粉率（69.58%）和容重（797.74 g/L）均最高；类群Ⅱ的平均穗长（10.00 cm）、结实数（18.18个）、穗粒数（54.07粒）、穗粒重（2.30 g）、吸水率（62.82%）和硬度指数（72.59）均最高；类群Ⅲ的平均株高最矮（73.53 cm）；类群Ⅳ的平均穗下茎长（41.94 cm）和湿面筋含量（33.95%）均最高，水分含量最低（11.76%）；类群Ⅴ的平均千粒重（40.92 g）、经济系数（0.43）和降落值（356.74 s）均最高；类群Ⅵ的平均分蘖数（4.96个）、小穗数（19.01个）、粗蛋白含量（16.10%）和沉降值（43.12 mL）均最高，表明各类群中含不同的优异性状。基于隶属函数值可把251份小麦种质资源分为163个等次，其中，黄-3、甘育4号、鉴076、M6445、宁春55号、陇春34号、ND646、宁春40号、济麦20号、陇春39号、宁春33号、郑麦1308、甘春24号、陇春29号、陇春23号、掖丰315和武春4号等17份种质排名前12名。【结论】251份小麦种质资源的农艺和品质性状变异较大，遗传多样性较丰富，其中综合评价优异的17份种质资源可用于宁夏小麦农艺与品质性状的遗传改良。Abstract: 【Objective】 Genetic diversity analysis of wheat germplasm resources in Ningxia was conducted,screened good germplasm resources,in order to broaden the genetic basis of wheat germplasm resources and provide basic materials for excavating breeding backbone parents in Ningxia.【Method】 Using 251 wheat germplasm resources from domestic and abroad as experimental materials. Variance analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis of their main agronomic and quality traits were conducted,and calculated the Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index(H')and subordinative function value to evaluate comprehensively wheat germplasm resources.【Result】 The variation coefficient of 10 agronomic traits in 251 wheat germplasms was from 15.01% to 37.01%,the variation coefficient of 9 quality traits was from 2.05% to 12.56%. The genetic diversity index was from 2.17 to 2.30,and the average value was 2.27. There were different degrees of correlation among 10 agronomic traits,and so among 9 quality traits. The 251 wheat germplasm resources were divided into six clusters. Group Ⅰ-Ⅵ included 35,40,53,55,40 and 28 materials,respectively. In them,group Ⅰ was the highest in the average flour yield(69.58%)and volume weight(797.74 g/L). Group Ⅱ was the highest in the average ear length(10.00 cm),fertile spikelet(18.18),kernels per spike(54.07 grains),grain weight per spike(2.30 g),water absorption(62.82%)and hardness index(72.59). Group Ⅲ was the lowest in average plant height(73.53 cm). Group Ⅳwas the highest in the average ear stem length(41.94 cm)and wet gluten content(33.95%),and the average moisture content(11.76%)was the lowest. Group Ⅴ was the highest in the average thousand kernel weight(40.92 g),economic coefficient(0.43)and falling number(356.74 s). Group Ⅵ was the highest in the average tiller number(4.96),spikelet number(19.01),crude protein content(16.10%)and sedimentation value(43.12 mL). It showed that each group contained different excellent traits. 251 wheat germplasm resources were classified for 163 ranks based on the subordinative function value,the materials including name as Huang-3,Ganyu No.4,J076,M6445,Ningchun No.55,Longchun No.34,ND646,Ningchun No.40,Jimai No.20,Longchun No.39,Ningchun No.33,Zhengmai 1308,Ganchun No.24,Longchun No.29,Longchun No.23,Yefeng 315 and Wuchun No.4 were the top 12 ranking.【Conclusion】 The agronomic and quality traits of 251 wheat germplasm resources vary greatly,the genetic diversity is relatively abundant,and 17 excellent varieties by complex evaluation may be used as selectable parents for genetic improvement of agronomic and quality traits for wheat in Ningxia.
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