Abstract: ObjectiveEffects of different fertilization modes on agronomic traits , yield and yield components of sesame in red soil dryland were discussed to provide references for lightly simplified cultivation of sesame . MethodTo study the effects of different fertilization techniques on main agronomic traits ,yield and yield components of summer and autumn sesame , randomized block was designed including 6 treatments viz. , the 100% fertilizers before ploughing (T1),50% before ploughing and 50% after ploughing (T2),50% after ploughing and 50% flowering stage (T3),and 50% after ploughing + 30% in seedling stage + 20% flowering stage (T4),50% biological organic fertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer before ploughing (T5),and 50% of biological organic fertilizer and 50% fertilizer after ploughing (T6). ResultRegarding summer sesame, T2 improved the major agronomic traits and especially increased capsule axis length per plant and dry matter weight by 8.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The yield of T2 (847.5 kg/ha) increased by 4.2% to 9.5% compared with other treatments and benefits of T2 increased by 1640.0 Yuan/ha compared with the control. For autumn sesame,main agronomic traits of T5 were better than those of T4 (the control). Capsule axis length and the dry matter weight per plant of T5 increased by 4.5% and 9.7% compared with T4 (the control). Compared with other treatments, the yield of T3 and T6(666.0 and 691.5 kg/ha)increased by 5.2% to 17.5% and 1.8%to 22.0%. And their benefits increased by 86.2 and 690.0 Yuan/ha. ConclusionTherefore,it is concluded that sperat-ed layers fertilization of 50% before ploughing and 50% after ploughing should be used for summer sesame. Either 50%fertilizer as base fertilizer and 50% fertilizer as flower fertilizer or all fertilizers (50% bio-organic fertilizer+50% fertil-izer) as base fertilizer after ploughing are suitable for autumn sesame.