摘要:
【目的】研究水肥一体化(滴灌施肥)对红麻生长、纤维产量和品质的影响,探讨红麻水肥利用特点,为红麻高产高效栽培提供参考。【方法】大田试验设6个滴灌施肥处理和1个对照(CK),CK采用100%灌水量(16.183 m3)和100%施肥量(264.00 kgN/ha,88.04 kgP2O5/ha,176.09 kgK2O/ha),撒施、沟灌;处理T1~T3均采用100%灌水量、施肥量分别为100%、75%和50%,处理T4~T6采用80%灌水量(12.947 m3)、施肥量分别为100%、75%和50%。收获时考察不同处理红麻农艺性状和纤维指标。【结果】与常规施肥、灌溉相比,6个滴灌施肥处理可显著促进红麻的生长和改善纤维品质,红麻株高、茎粗、皮厚、地上部干质量、纤维产量和纤维线密度分别显著增加13.2%~25.5%、0.7%~1.4%、10.6%~20.3%、12.5%~30.9%、15.1%~36.8%和7.2%~30.7%,其中以T1处理的综合效果最好,其次为T5、T2。T1处理的株高、地上部分干质量、纤维产量等最高,但大部分与T5处理差异不显著,而处理T5的纤维强力显著高于处理T1。【结论】滴灌施肥时,T5处理(80%灌水量:12.947 m3,75%施肥量:198.0 kgN/ha,66.03 kgP2O5/ha,132.07 kgK2O/ha)可获得较好的节水节肥效果,建议在红麻生产上推荐应用。
Abstract:
Objective]The effects of integration of irrigation and fertilization (drip fertigation) on growth, fiber yield and quality were studied by using a field experiment to investigate utilization properties of water and fertilizer for kenaf , in order to provide references for high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of kenaf . [Method]Hybrid kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar Hongyou 2 was used as material, 6 treatments of drip fertigation and CK were de-signed in field experiment. Three treatments T1,T2 and T3 took 100% irrigation (12.947 m3) with 100%, 75% and 50% fertilization, respectively; treatments T4, T5 and T6 took 80% irrigation with 100%, 75% and 50% fertilization, respectively; CK took 100% irrigation (16.183 m3) using furrow irrigation and 100% fertilization (264.00 kgN/ha, 88 . 04 kgP2O5/ha , 176 . 09 kgK2O/ha ) using broadcast . [Result]The results showed that , compared with CK , six treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 could significantly improve the growth and fiber quality of kenaf, the plant height , stem diameter , skin thickness , shoot dry mass , fiber yield and linear density were significantly increased by 13.2%-25.5%, 0.7%-1.4%, 10.6%-20.3%, 12.5%-30.9%, 15.1%-36.8% and 7.2%-30.7%, respectively. Out of six drip fertigation treatments , treatment T1 presented the best comprehensive effect , and followed by T5 and T2. Although the plant height, shoot dry mass, fiber yield and linear density of treatment T1 showed the highest, few sig-nificant differences were found as compared to treatment T5. The fiber strength of treatment T5 was higher than that of treatment T1 by using less irrigation and fertilizer. [Conclusion]As to drip fertigation of kenaf, treatment T5 (80% irri-gation:12.947 m3, and 75% fertilization:198.00 kgN/ha, 66.03 kgP2O5/ha, 132.07 kgK2O/ha) could obtain better water-and fertilizer-saving effects and should be recommended to apply in production.
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