花粉直感效应对桂单0810百粒重的影响

Xenia effects of several maize cultivars on 100-grain weight of Guidan 0810

  • 摘要: 【目的】研究不同玉米品种花粉对桂单0810百粒重的影响,为挖掘该品种的产量潜力奠定基础。【方法】采用完全随机区组设计,利用8个不同玉米杂交种作为父本,对桂单0810进行人工授粉,并对不同杂交种分别进行自交及姊妹交。果穗成熟后,测定自交、姊妹交及杂交果穗的籽粒百粒重。【结果】同一品种自交果穗与姊妹交果穗的百粒重间表现出不同程度的差异,亚航639和太平洋98自交果穗籽粒百粒重比姊妹交极显著降低5.47%和5.36%(P<0.01,下同);琛玉969、桂单0810和迪卡008自交百粒重比姊妹交增加0.35%~2.64%,其他各品种自交百粒重比姊妹交降低0.19%~2.11%,且均未达显著水平(P>0.05,下同)。8个玉米品种的花粉均可增加桂单0810的百粒重,其中正大808、太平洋98、先达901、琛玉969和亚航639等5个品种花粉可极显著增加桂单0810的百粒重。8个玉米品种与桂单0810的杂交组合百粒重均表现出当代(F0)杂种优势(1.31%~12.70%),7个杂交组合表现出超亲优势。杂种优势最明显的是桂单0810×正大808组合,百粒重比母本桂单0810和父本正大808分别提高12.70%和15.68%,中亲优势达14.17%。【结论】玉米品种桂单0810易接受外来玉米品种花粉,通过花粉直感效应增加自身百粒重并具有当代杂种优势和超亲优势;其花粉直感效应因父本基因型不同而异。

     

    Abstract: ObjectiveThe xenia effects of different maize cultivars on 100-grain weight of Guidan 0810 was stud-ied in order to lay the foundation on enhancing yield potential of Guidan 0810 . MethodWith randomized completed block design ( RCBD ) , 8 maize cultivars were used as male parent to cross with maize cultivar Guidan 0810 . Mean-while, self- and sib-pollination were conducted on all the 9 maize cultivars, respectively. After harvesting, the 100-grain weight(HGW) of self-, sib-, cross-pollination cobs was measured, respectively. ResultThere existed varying degrees differences in HGW between self- and sib-pollination cob for the same cultivar. The self-pollination HGW of two cultivars viz., Yahang 639 and Pacific 98 were 5.47% and 5.36% higher than that of sib-pollination(P<0.01), respectively. The self-pollination HGW of Chenyu 969 , Guidan 0810 and Dekarl 008 were increased by 0.35%-2.64%as compared to their sib-pollination. The self-pollination HGW of other varieties were decreased by 0.19%-2.11% as compared to sib-pollination. All the 8 maize cultivars showed the positive xenia effect and could enhance the HGW of Guidan 0810. Out of which, 5 cultivars viz., Zhengda 808, Pacific 98, Xianda 901, Chenyu 969 and Yahang 639, could extremely significantly increase the HGW of Guidan 0810. The F0 heterosis(1.31%-12.70%) was found in HWG among different crossing combinations of Guidan 0810 , and mid-parent heterosis were found in 7 crossing com-binations. The combination Guidan 0810×Zhengda 808 presented the best heterosis, its HWG was 12.70% and 15.68%higher than that of female parent Guidan 0810 and male parent Zhengda 808 , and the mid-parent heterosis was found the highest (14.17%).ConclusionMaize cultivar Guidan 0810 could easily fertilize with pollen grains from external maize cultivars. Its grain weight could be increased resulting from xenia effect , and showed the F0 heterosis and hetero-beltiosis; this xenia effect was depended on male parent genotype.

     

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