Abstract: 【Objective】This study aimed to evaluate the breeding potential of the main cultivated sugarcane YZ0551 and YZ081609 in Yunnan and identify superior hybrid progenies， providing material and technological reference for germplasm resource utilization and new variety selection in sugarcane breeding.【Method】A total of 437 materials from YZ0551， YZ081609， and their hybrid progenies were taken as research objects. Genetic variation analysis， correlation analysis， principal component analysis， cluster analysis， and comprehensive evaluation were performed for eight traits （six agronomic traits and two technological traits）.【Result】The coefficients of variation of the eight traits ranged from 3.68% to 44.84%. The coefficients of variation for sugar yield and cane yield were the largest， which were 44.84% and 44.23% respectively. The genetic transmitting ability was 71.69%-104.49%， and the broad-sense heritability was 61.35%-96.72%. Correlation of different degrees was found among eight traits， among which cane yield and sugar yield had extremely significant positive correlations with single-cane weight and effective cane number （P<0.01， the same below）， and cane yield had an extremely significant positive correlation with sugar yield， indicating that relationship between yield traits shall be considered comprehensively during breeding. Principal component analysis extracted yield factor 1， yield factor 2， and sugar factor， with a cumulative contribution rate of 84.966%. A total of 437 materials were divided into three groups: Group I was characterized with high yield and high sugar content， Group II had advantages in single-cane weight and cane diameter， and Group III had rich genetic variation but mediocre comprehensive performance. According to the comprehensive evaluation D value to evaluate performance of materials， the D value of the female parent YZ0551 was 0.4753， and the D value of male parent YZ081609 was 0.7102. Among the progeny materials， the number of materials with a D value greater than that of YZ0551 was 242； the number of materials with a D value greater than that of YZ081609 was four （V-315，V-317，8-292， and 8-208）； the D values of these four materials，along with other three materials （8-149， V-307， and V-309） were greater than 0.7000. The above seven materials all belonged to Group I， showing characteristics of high yield and high sugar content.【Conclusion】The traits of high sugar content and high yield of YZ0551 and YZ081609 are genetically stable， showing high breeding value， thus， they can be used as important parents for sugarcane breeding. The hybrid progenies of the two exhibit rich genetic variation for agronomic traits， among which V-315， V-317， 8-292， 8-208， 8-149， V-307， and V-309 have superior comprehensive performance and can be used as parents for high yield and high sugar content. At the same time，variety comparison trials can be carried out to further breed superior new varieties. After years of field trials， the hybrid progeny 8-57 demonstrates superior characteristics of high yield， high sugar content， and lodging resistance； it is named YZ19519 and will participate in regional trials for new sugarcane varieties.