Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyze and evaluate the provenance/family variation characteristics of seed germination and seedling growth traits in Dalbergia cultrata， and to screen superior provenances and families with strong germination ability and rapid early growth， which could provide reference basis and basic materials for the accurate evaluation and selection of elite families. 【Method】 Seeds of Dalbergia cultrata from 9 provenances and 40 families collected in Yunnan were used as materials. The variation characteristics of seed germination and seedling growth traits among different pro-venances and families were analyzed and evaluated. Principal component analysis was employed to evaluate and preliminarily screen the provenances and families. 【Result】 The comparative analysis of seed germination and seedling growth characteristics among different provenances revealed that， with the exception of Jiangcheng （JC） provenance， the germination rates of all other provenances were significantly higher than that of Zhengdong （ZD） provenance （P<0.05， the same below）， with Mengman （MM） provenance exhibiting the highest germination rate. The germination vigor of Mengwang （MW） provenance was 84.00%， which was significantly higher than that of Dadugang （DD）， JC， Longtan （LT）， Maliba （MLB）， and ZD provenances. The germination index of MW provenance was 67.49， which was significantly higher than that of all other provenances. The LT provenance displayed the highest seedling height and basal diameter among all provenances. The comparison of seed germination and seedling growth traits among different families indicated that YW1 family in Yiwu （YW） provenance had the highest germination rate （97.33%）， with the coefficient of variation （CV） for germination rate ranging from 0.64% to 27.51%. Family JH8 in Jinghong （JH） provenance exhibited the highest germination vigor （95.33%）， with CV values for germination vigor varying between 2.78% and 78.06%. Family MW2 in MW provenance achieved the highest germination index （77.92）， with CV for germination index ranging from 1.69% to 33.68%. Family LT3 in LT provenance showed the greatest seedling height （34.73 cm）， with CV values for seedling height ranging from 0.04% to 42.77%， and also had the maximum basal diameter （3.69 mm）， with CV for basal diameter ranging from 0.30% to 24.71%. Principal component analysis revealed that 22 families， such as MW2， JH8， and MW8， had comprehensive scores above the mean value of all tested families， and were thus selected as elite families. 【Conclusion】 Dalbergia cultrata possesses abundant phenotypic diversity. Jinghong and Mengwang provenances demonstrate strong seed germination capacity， while Longtan and Dadugang provenances show relatively rapid early growth. Based on the analysis of seed germination and seedling growth traits， 22 elite families were selected.