Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of the study was to clarify the appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer at equivalent nitrogen levels in cigar planting， which could provide theoretical basis for the rational operation of nitrogen fertilizer and the improvement of quality of domestic cigar leaf raw materials. 【Method】 Cigar tobacco variety CX80 was used as the test material， and four treatments were set up： （1）100% chemical nitrogen fertilizer （CK）； （2） 750 kg/ha rapeseed cake fertilizer instead of 12% chemical nitrogen fertilizer （T1）； （3） 1500 kg/ha rapeseed cake fertilizer instead of 24% chemical nitrogen fertilizer （T2）； （4） 2250 kg/ha rapeseed cake fertilizer instead of 36% chemical nitrogen fertilizer （T3）. The petroleum ether extract components of cigar tobacco leaves after different treatments were analyzed， and the sensory quality was evaluated. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） was used to screen the differential compounds of petroleum ether extract components and explore their relationship with sensory quality by correlation analysis. 【Result】 The treatment of organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer at equivalent nitrogen levels could improve the aroma quality， aroma quantity， sweetness， and irritation scores of tobacco leaves within a certain range， and enrich the floral and sweet aroma.With the increase of the proportion of organic ferti-lizer substitution， the spice flavor gradually began to show， and the comprehensive performance of T2 treatment was be-tter. A total of 48 compounds were identified from petroleum ether extract. The proportions of alkenes and the derivatives， acids and the derivatives， esters， and ketones in organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer at equivalent nitrogen levels were higher than those in CK. The petroleum ether extract components were screened， and a total of 8 differential compounds with aromatic odors were screened， covering three categories of alkenes and the derivatives， alcohols， and esters. The results of correlation analysis showed that the contents of perillyl alcohol and squalene were extremely significantly and positively correlated with aroma quality or aroma quantity， sweetness， bean fragrance， and spice fragrance （P<0.01， the same below）. The contents of β-bisabolene and dihydroactinidiolide were extremely significantly and positively correlated with irritation， flower fragrance and sweet fragrance. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers， organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer at equivalent nitrogen levels can enhance the scores of aroma quality， aroma quantity， and sweetness， reduce irritation， and strengthen the bean fragrance and woody fragrance in the tobacco leaves. Among them， organic fertilizer substituting 24% chemical fertilizer at equivalent nitrogen levels can increase the content of aroma substances such as dihydroactinidiolide and β-bisabolene in fermented cigar tobacco leaves， and is also conducive to the enrichment and manifestation of floral fragrance， sweet fragrance， bean fragrance， and spice flavor， resulting in better comprehensive sensory performance.