8株昆虫病原真菌对红火蚁幼虫和蛹的毒力测定

Virulence assay of eight entomopathogenic fungi to larvae and pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren

    摘要
  • 摘要: 【目的】 筛选对红火蚁（Solenopsis invicta Buren）幼虫和蛹具有高致病力的昆虫病原真菌菌株，为红火蚁生物杀虫剂研发提供有潜力的菌种资源。【方法】 以4株球孢白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）（ZG5、HHY-B、Bb040、CP728）、2株淡紫紫孢菌（Purpureocillium lilacinum） （HHY-M、LYC1）、1株金龟子绿僵菌（Metarhizium anisopliae）（ZG30）和1株莱氏绿僵菌（Metarhizium rileyi）（CDTNN2）为研究材料，以红火蚁幼虫和蛹为研究对象，在实验室条件下采用浸渍法分别测定各菌株在1.0×104、1.0×105、1.0×106、1.0×107、1.0×108孢子/mL浓度下对红火蚁幼虫和蛹的致病力，明确各菌株对红火蚁幼虫和蛹的致死浓度效应和致死时间效应。【结果】8株昆虫病原真菌菌株对红火蚁幼虫和蛹均具有致病力，且红火蚁幼虫和蛹的校正死亡率均随着菌株孢子浓度的增加而逐渐增大。其中，4株球孢白僵菌（ZG5、HHY-B、Bb040和CP728）的毒力较强，经1.0×108孢子/mL孢子悬浮液处理后10 d，红火蚁幼虫的校正死亡率分别为100.00%、95.19%、92.75%和93.46%，僵虫率分别为93.33%、94.35%、89.26%和85.56%，致死中时（LT50）分别为2.14、1.86、2.32和3.20 d；红火蚁蛹的校正死亡率分别为100.00%、97.35%、96.84%和95.57%，僵虫率分别为95.44%、96.61%、91.48%和85.56%，LT50分别为2.15、1.54、2.12和2.98 d。剂量效应分析结果显示，球孢白僵菌ZG5、HHY-B、Bb040和CP728对红火蚁幼虫的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为0.22×105、8.05×105、1.52×105和2.83×105孢子/mL，对红火蚁蛹的LC50分别为0.14×105、0.31×105、1.48×105和1.38×105孢子/mL。【结论】球孢白僵菌ZG5、HHY-B、Bb040和CP728对红火蚁幼虫和蛹均表现出较强的致病活性，在红火蚁的生物防治中具有较高应用潜力，可作为红火蚁生物防治的潜在菌种资源。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To screen out the entomopathogenic fungi with high pathogenicity to the larvae and pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren， which could provide candidate strains for the biological control of Solenopsis invicta Buren. 【Method】 Taking four strains of Beauveria bassiana （ZG5， HHY-B， Bb040， CP728）， and two strains of Purpureocillium lilacinum （HHY-M， LYC1）， one strain of Metarhizium anisopliae （ZG30）， and one strain of Metarhizium rileyi （CDTNN2） as the research materials， and the larvae and pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren as the research objects， the pathogenicity of each strain against the larvae and pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren were determined respectively by the immersion method at concentrations of 1.0×104， 1.0×105， 1.0×106， 1.0×107， and 1.0×108 spore/mL in the laboratory. The lethal concentration effect and lethal time effect of each strain to the larvae and pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren was analyzed. 【Result】 Eight strains of entomopathogenic fungi were pathogenic to both the larvae and pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren， and the corrected mortality rates of larvae and pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren gradually increased with the increase of the spore concentration of the strains. Among them， four strains of Beauveria bassiana （ZG5， HHY-B， Bb040， CP728） had strong virulence to the larvae and pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren. The corrected mortality rates of larvae of Solenopsis invicta Buren were 100.00%， 95.19%， 92.75%， and 93.46%， infection rates were 93.33%， 94.35%， 89.26%， and 85.56%，median lethal concentration （LT50） were 2.14， 1.86， 2.32， and 3.20 d respectively， after treated with 1.0×108 spores /mL for 10 d. And the corrected mortality rates of pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren were 100.00%， 97.35%， 96.84%， and 95.57%， infection rates were 95.44%， 96.61%， 91.48%， and 85.56%， LT50 were 2.15， 1.54， 2.12， and 2.98 d respectively. Dose-effect analysis indicated that median lethal concentration （LC50） of Beauveria bassia-na ZG5， HHY-B， Bb040， and CP728 against Solenopsis invicta Buren larvae was 0.22×105， 8.05×105， 1.52×105， and 2.83×105 spore/mL， the LC50 for pupae was 0.14×105， 0.31×105， 1.48×105， and 1.38×105 spore/mL respectively. 【Conclusion】 Beauveria bassiana strains ZG5， HHY-B， Bb040 and CP728 all exhibits strong pathogenic activity against the larvae and pupae of Solenopsis invicta Buren. They have high potential for application in the biological control of Solenopsis invicta Buren and can be regarded as potential bacterial resources for the biological control of Solenopsis invicta Buren.

     

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