微塑料对噻唑磷土壤环境行为的影响

Effects of microplastics on soil environmental behavior of fosthiazate

  • 摘要: 【目的】 研究不同种类微塑料对噻唑磷吸附、降解、迁移和淋溶等土壤环境行为的影响,为噻唑磷在含微塑料土壤中的风险评估提供理论依据。【方法】 在室内模拟试验条件下,分别以向供试土壤中添加质量分数为2.5%的聚酰胺(PA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚丙烯(PP)作为处理组,以不添加微塑料的土壤作为空白对照(CK),并测定土壤中的噻唑磷含量。通过吸附动力学和等温吸附试验,探究微塑料对噻唑磷吸附能力的影响;通过降解、迁移和淋溶试验,探究微塑料对噻唑磷降解、迁移和淋溶等环境行为的影响。【结果】 吸附动力学和等温吸附试验结果显示,噻唑磷在CK及PMMA、PE、PP和PA处理组土壤中的吸附率分别为39.40%、49.10%、50.35%、66.13%和74.45%,4种微塑料对噻唑磷的吸附能力表现为PA>PP>PE>PMMA;从吸附系数KFKL来看,添加微塑料可增强土壤对噻唑磷的吸附能力,以PA和PP的吸附能力较强。降解、迁移和淋溶试验结果显示,噻唑磷在CK土壤中的降解半衰期为22.36 d,在PA和PP处理组土壤中的降解半衰期分别为63.01和43.32 d,均较CK显著延长(P<0.05,下同);噻唑磷在CK及PE、PMMA、PA和PP处理组土壤中的比移值(Rf)分别为0.23、0.19、0.18、0.12和0.09,与CK相比,噻唑磷在PA和PP处理组土壤中的Rf均显著降低;CK及PE和PMMA处理组在3个土层中均检出噻唑磷,PA处理组在0~10 cm土层中检出噻唑磷,PP处理组在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层中检出噻唑磷。【结论】 添加质量分数为2.5%的PA、PE、PMMA和PP等4种微塑料均可增强土壤对噻唑磷的吸附能力,以PP和PA的吸附能力较强;添加PP和PA后,噻唑磷在土壤中的降解半衰期显著延长,且迁移和淋溶能力受到明显抑制,即噻唑磷在含微塑料土壤中的降解、迁移和淋溶能力与吸附能力呈负相关。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of different microplastics on the soil environmental behaviors of fosthiazate, including adsorption, degradation, mobility, and leaching, providing a theoretical basis for risk assessment of fosthiazate in soil environment with microplastics. 【Method】 Under laboratory simulated conditions, the soil supplemented with polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polypropylene (PP) at a mass fraction of 2.5% was taken as treatment groups, and soil without microplastics was taken as blank control (CK). The fosthiazate content in soil was determined. Through adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption experiments, the effects of microplastics on fosthiazate adsorption ability were investigated; through degradation, mobility, and leaching experiments, the effects of microplastics on environmental behaviors of fosthiazate, including degradation, mobility, and leaching, were investigated. 【Result】 The adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption experiments showed that the fosthiazate adsorption rates in CK, PMMA, PE, PP, and PA treatment groups were 39.40%, 49.10%, 50.35%, 66.13%, and 74.45% respectively, while the fosthiazate adsorption ability of four microplastics ranked as: PA > PP > PE > PMMA. From the adsorption coefficient KF and KL, supplementing microplastics could enhance fosthia-zate adsorption ability, with PA and PP showing strong adsorption ability. Degradation, mobility, and leaching experiments showed that the degradation half-life of fosthiazate in soil of CK was 22.36 d, and the half-life of fosthiazate in PA and PP treatment groups was 63.01 and 43.32 d respectively, showing significant extensions compared to CK (P<0.05, the same below); the retention factor values (Rf) of fosthiazate in soil of CK, PE, PMMA, PA, and PP treatment groups were 0.23, 0.19, 0.18, 0.12, and 0.09 respectively, while compared to CK, Rf values of fosthiazate in soil of PA and PP treatment groups were significantly reduced. Fosthiazate was detected in three soil layers of CK, PE, and PMMA treatment groups; fosthiazate was detected in 0-10 cm soil layer in PA treatment group, and fosthiazate was detected in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers in PP treatment group. 【Conclusion】 Supplementing four microplastics (PA, PE, PMMA, and PP) can strengthen fosthiazate adsorption ability of soil, with PP and PA showing strong adsorption ability; after supplementing PP and PA, degradation half-life of fosthiazate in soil significantly extends, with mobility and leaching ability being obviously inhibited, demonstrating that degradation, migration, and leaching ability of fosthiazate in soil with microplastics are negatively correlated with its adsorption ability.

     

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