富硒紫云英生产及其还田对水稻产量和硒营养的影响

Effects of selenium-enriched Chinese milk vetch production and incorporation on rice yield and selenium nutrition

  • 摘要: 【目的】 研究不同外源硒施用量对富硒紫云英生产,以及紫云英翻压还田对土壤硒形态、水稻生长和硒吸收累积的影响,为富硒水稻生产中外源硒间接施用技术体系的建立提供理论依据。【方法】 采用盆栽试验,在紫云英进入花期时一次性喷施含硒叶面肥,设4个外源硒喷施处理,施硒量分别为0 μg/盆(MV-Se0)、440 μg/盆(MV-Se1)、880 μg/盆(MV-Se2) 和1320 μg/盆(MV-Se3),以冬闲—水稻模式为对照(CK)。紫云英开花末期翻压还田后种植水稻,分析紫云英—水稻轮作体系中紫云英的生长和硒累积状况、水稻的生长和硒营养特征以及不同土壤硒形态变化。【结果】 紫云英花期时叶面喷施外源硒能有效提高植株硒含量和硒累积量,且硒含量和硒累积量随外源硒施用量的增加而增加,但过量的外源硒可降低紫云英生物量。富硒紫云英翻压还田不仅能提高水稻产量,还可提高水稻各部位硒含量,MV-Se1、MV-Se2和MV-Se3处理的水稻糙米硒含量显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同),是GB/T 22499—2008《富硒稻谷》最低限量(0.04 mg/kg)的1.96~4.45倍,且各处理糙米有机硒含量占比均高于86%。富硒紫云英翻压还田提高了土壤可溶态硒和可交换态硒含量占比,MV-Se1、MV-Se2和MV-Se3处理的有效硒含量占比较CK提高8.33%~26.40%。水稻成熟期时,MV-Se1、MV-Se2和MV-Se3处理水稻籽粒和植株对外源硒的利用率分别为0.22%~0.46%和1.15%~1.72%,水稻初级转移系数显著高于CK。【结论】 在紫云英—水稻轮作体系中,利用外源硒生产富硒紫云英后翻压还田,可提高水稻产量及水稻植株各部位硒含量,同时未显著降低糙米中有机硒含量占比,是生产富硒水稻的适宜技术模式。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of different exogenous selenium (Se) application rates on Se-enriched Chinese milk vetch production, and the effects of Se-enriched Chinese milk vetch incorporation on soil Se speciation, rice growth, as well as Se uptake and accumulation, thereby providing theoretical basis for establi-shing a technical system of indirect exogenous Se application in Se-enriched rice production. 【Method】 In the pot experiment, Se-containing foliar fertilizer was applied once at the flowering stage of Chinese milk vetch, and four treatments of exogenous Se application rates were set: 0 μg/pot (MV-Se0), 440 μg/pot (MV-Se1), 880 μg/pot (MV-Se2), and 1320 μg/pot (MV-Se3), with the winter fallow-rice mode as control (CK). Rice was planted after Chinese milk vetch incorporation at the late flowering stage to analyze growth and Se accumulation of Chinese milk vetch, growth and Se nutrition characteristics of rice, and changes in soil Se speciation in the Chinese milk vetch-rice rotation system. 【Result】 Applying exogenous Se foliar fertilizer at flowering stage of Chinese milk vetch effectively increased Se content and accumulation in plants, and Se content and accumulation increased as exogenous Se application rates increased. However, excessive exogenous Se application reduced Chinese milk vetch biomass. Se-enriched Chinese milk vetch incorporation not only enhanced rice yield but also elevated Se content in parts of rice plant. The Se contents in brown rice under MV-Se1, MV-Se2, and MV-Se3 treatments were significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.05,the same below), ranging from 1.96 to 4.45 times the value of the Chinese national standard GB/T 22499-2008 Rich Selenium Paddy (0.04 mg/kg), and the proportion of organic Se content was greater than 86% in all treatments. The Se-enriched Chinese milk vetch incorporation increased the proportions of soil soluble Se and exchangeable Se contents, and the proportion of available Se contents under MV-Se1, MV-Se2, and MV-Se3 treatments increased by 8.33%-26.40% compared to CK. At the maturity stage of rice, the utilization rates of exogenous Se in rice grains and plants under MV-Se1, MV-Se2, and MV-Se3 treatments were 0.22%-0.46% and 1.15%-1.72% respectively, with the primary transfer coefficient of rice significantly higher than that of CK. 【Conclusion】 In the Chinese milk vetch-rice rotation system, incorporation of Se-enriched Chinese milk vetch which is used for producing exogenous Se can increase rice yield and Se contents in parts of rice plant without significantly reducing the proportion of organic Se contents in brown rice, proving that it is a suitable technical mode for Se-enriched rice production.

     

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