施用硫酸镁和硝酸钙对土壤特性及越南寅柚品质的影响

Effects of applying magnesium sulfate and calcium nitrate on soil properties and Dien pummelo quality in Vietnam

    摘要
  • 摘要: 【目的】 探究施用硫酸镁（MgSO4）和硝酸钙Ca（NO4）2对土壤特性及越南寅柚品质的影响，为优化施肥方案和提升寅柚果实品质提供参考依据。【方法】 试验于2023—2024年在越南农业大学进行。以2.5 kg硫酸铵+1.5 kg磷酸盐+2.0 kg钾为基肥，设置5个处理组：基肥+2.0 kg MgSO4+0.5 kg Ca（NO3）2（T1），基肥+3.0 kg MgSO4+1.0 kg Ca（NO3）2（T2），基肥+3.5 kg MgSO4+1.5 kg Ca（NO3）2（T3），基肥+4.0 kg MgSO4+2.0 kg Ca（NO3）2（T4），以仅施用基肥为对照（CK）。施肥后，测定土壤特性指标（pH、有效磷含量、可交换钾含量、可交换钙含量和可交换镁含量）和果实品质指标（可滴定酸含量、黄酮含量、多酚含量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、单果重、可食率和果汁含量），并通过二次回归分析和相关分析确定MgSO4和Ca（NO3）2的最佳施用量。【结果】 与CK相比，T1～T4处理均能显著（P<0.05，下同）提高土壤中可交换镁和可交换钙含量（2024年T1处理中可交换钙含量除外）。T1～T4处理中寅柚可滴定酸含量在2023—2024年均显著低于CK。CK寅柚维生素C含量在2年中均最高（分别为35.9和35.8 mg/100 g），说明镁和钙过量可能会抑制维生素C积累。回归分析表明，寅柚可食率和果汁含量在施用3.0～3.5 kg/株MgSO4时出现峰值。寅柚可滴定酸含量和果汁含量在施用1.0～1.5 kg/株Ca（NO3）2时出现峰值，而可食率峰值出现在较低范围（0.5～1.0 kg/株）。寅柚可溶性固形物含量与MgSO4和Ca（NO3）2施用量呈正相关，而可滴定酸含量与MgSO4和Ca（NO3）2施用量呈较强负相关。【结论】 联合施用MgSO4和Ca（NO3）2能改善土壤特性，提高越南寅柚果实品质。推荐施用量为3.0～3.5 kg/株MgSO4,1.0～1.5 kg/株Ca（NO3）2。施肥过程中需进行监测，避免过量施肥导致土壤营养元素失衡及寅柚维生素C含量下降。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of magnesium sulfate （MgSO4） and calcium nitrate Ca（NO3）2 on soil properties and Dien pummelo quality in Vietnam， which could provide reference for scree-ning optimized fertilization scheme and fruit quality improvement in pummelo cultivation in Vietnam.【Method】 The experiment was conducted at Vietnam National University of Agriculture during 2023 and 2024. With 2.5 kg ammonium sulfate + 1.5 kg phosphate + 2.0 kg potassium as base fertilizer， 5 treatments were set as base fertilizer + 2.0 kg MgSO4 + 0.5 kg Ca（NO3）2 （T1）， base fertilizer + 3.0 kg MgSO4 + 1.0 kg Ca（NO3）2 （T2）， base fertilizer + 3.5 kg MgSO4 + 1.5 kg Ca（NO3）2 （T3）， base fertilizer + 4.0 kg MgSO4 + 2.0 kg Ca（NO3）2 （T4）， and only base fertilizer （CK） as control. After application， soil property indexes （pH， available phosphorus， exchangeable potassium， exchangeable calcium， exchangeable magnesium） and fruit quality indexes of Dien pummelo （titratable acidity content， flavonoids content， polyphenol content， total soluble solids content， vitamin C content， single fruit weight， edible portion， and juice content） were determined. Quadratic regression and correlation analysis were performed to identify the optimal application rates of MgSO4 and Ca（NO3）2.【Result】 Compared to CK， T1-T4 significantly （P<0.05， the same below） increased soil exchangeable Mg and exchangeable Ca contents （except for exchangeable Ca content of T1 in 2024）. Tritratable acidity content of Dien pummelo in T1-T4 significantly reduced compared with CK in both years. However， CK maintained the highest vitamin C contents of Dien pummelo in both years （35.9 and 35.8 mg/100 g respectively）， indicating that excessive Mg and Ca might slightly inhibit vitamin C accumulation. Regression analysis showed that， the edible portion and juice content of Dien pummelo reached their peaks at 3.0-3.5 kg/plant MgSO4. For Ca（NO3）2， the optimal range for total soluble solids content and juice content of Dien pummelo was 1.0-1.5 kg/plant， while the edible portion peaked at a lower range of 0.5-1.0 kg/plant. Total soluble solids content of Dien pummelo showed positive correlation with both MgSO4 and Ca（NO3）2 application rates， whereas tritratable acidity content was strongly negatively correlated with MgSO4 and Ca（NO3）2 application rates.【Conclusion】 The combined application of MgSO4 and Ca（NO3）2 greatly enhances the soil properties and fruit quality of Dien pummelo in Vietnam. The recommended application rates are 3.0-3.5 kg/plant for MgSO4 and 1.0-1.5 kg/plant for Ca（NO3）2. Monitoring is required during fertilization to avoid nutrient element imbalance in soil and vitamin C content reduction in Dien pummelo at excessive application rates.

     

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