烟草套种鲜食玉米对田间主要害虫种类及其发生动态的影响

Effects of tobacco intercropping with fresh corn on the main species of field pests and their occurrence dynamics

  • 摘要: 【目的】 探明烟草套种鲜食玉米模式对田间主要害虫种类及其发生动态的影响,为烟—粮协同种植区害虫综合防控策略的制定提供理论依据。【方法】 以云南省大理州巍山县庙街镇新华村烟草生长后期套种鲜食玉米连片种植区为调查点,采用目测法、扫网法和性诱捕法对烟草及鲜食玉米上的害虫种类和数量进行系统调查,比较烟草套种鲜食玉米田与同时期单作烟田和单作鲜食玉米田主要害虫的种类、数量及其动态变化。【结果】 烟草套种鲜食玉米模式下,烟草害虫种类主要有斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)、烟蚜(Myzus persicae)、烟盲蝽(Nesidiocoris tenuis)和温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum);鲜食玉米害虫种类主要有玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)和斜纹夜蛾。烟蚜在烟草单作和烟草套种鲜食玉米田发生动态均为双峰型,烟草套种鲜食玉米田发生量高于烟草单作田。烟盲蝽在烟草单作和烟草套种鲜食玉米田发生动态均为双峰型,烟盲蝽在2种模式田发生量接近。斜纹夜蛾在烟草套种鲜食玉米田发生动态为双峰型、在烟草单作田为单峰型,烟草套种鲜食玉米田发生量高于烟草单作田。草地贪夜蛾成虫在鲜食玉米单作和烟草套种鲜食玉米田发生动态均为单峰型,烟草套种鲜食玉米田发生量低于鲜食玉米单作田。玉米蚜在烟草套种鲜食玉米和鲜食玉米单作田发生动态均为单峰型,烟草套种鲜食玉米田发生量高于鲜食玉米单作田。温室白粉虱在烟草单作和烟草套种鲜食玉米田发生动态均为双峰型,烟草单作田发生量高于烟草套种鲜食玉米田。【结论】 烟蚜、斜纹夜蛾、草地贪夜蛾和玉米蚜等的累计虫口数量在烟草套种鲜食玉米田比单作田更高,应在害虫防治时重点关注。烟盲蝽和温室白粉虱在烟草套种鲜食玉米田虫口密度下降,表明烟草套种鲜食玉米能有效调节害虫亚群落,减少害虫发生,可根据害虫的主要种类及发生动态进行绿色防治。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of tobacco intercropping with fresh corn on the main species of field pests and their occurrence dynamics, which could provide theoretical basis for the formulation of comprehensive pest control strategies in the tobacco-grain integrated planting area.【Method】 Taking Xinhua Village, Miaojie Town, Weishan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province as the experimental site for intercropping fresh corn in the late stage of tobacco growth, a systematic investigation was conducted on the types and occurrence dynamics of major pests using visual inspection, net scanning, and sexual trapping methods. The types, quantities and dynamic changes of the main pests in tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields, as well as in tobacco monoculture fields and fresh corn monoculture fields during the same period were compared.【Result】 Under the intercropping of tobacco and fresh corn, the main types of tobacco pests were Myzus persicaeNesidiocoris tenuisTrialeurodes vaporariorum , and Spodoptera litura; the main types of fresh corn pests were Rhopalosiphum maidisSpodoptera frugiperda, and Spodoptera litura. The occurrence dynamics of Myzus persicae were bimodal in both tobacco monoculture and tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields, with a higher occurrence in tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields than tobacco monoculture fields. The occurrence dynamics of Nesidiocoris tenuis were bimodal in tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields and tobacco monoculture fields, with similar occurrences in the two modes of fields.The occurrence dynamics of Spodoptera litura were bimodal in tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields and unimodal in tobacco monoculture fields, and the occurrence of tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields was higher than that of tobacco monoculture fields. The occurrence dynamics of Spodoptera frugiperda adults in monoculture corn fields and tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields were both unimodal patterns, with lower occurrence in tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields compared to monoculture corn fields. The occurrence dynamics of Rhopalosiphum maidis were both unimodal in tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields and monoculture fresh corn fields, with higher occurrence in tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields compared to monoculture fresh corn fields. The occurrence dynamics of Trialeurodes vaporariorum were both unimodal in tobacco monoculture fields and tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields, with higher occurrence in tobacco monoculture fields compared to tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields.【Conclusion】 The accumulated insect quantities of Myzus persicaeSpodoptera lituraSpodoptera frugiperda, and Rhopalosiphum maidis are larger on tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields than monoculture fields, special attention should be paid during pest control. The population densities of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Nesidiocoris tenuis on tobacco-fresh corn intercropping fields decrease, indicating that intercropping fresh corn after tobacco can effectively regulate the subpopulation of pests and reduce their occurrence. Green control measures can be implemented based on the main types and occurrence dynamics of pests.

     

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