基于毫米波雷达的生猪呼吸频率检测方法

Detection method of hog respiratory rate based on millimeter-wave radar

  • 摘要: 【目的】建立基于毫米波雷达结合深度学习的非接触式生猪呼吸频率检测方法,为生猪规模化养殖提供智能化、精细化的健康监测方案,提升养殖效率及降低发病风险,推动畜牧业现代化管理的发展进程。【方法】以AWR1843BOOST雷达采集生猪呼吸雷达数据,针对多径与噪声干扰设计双对齐校准(DACM)算法进行相位对齐与解卷绕,并通过卡尔曼滤波实现信号去噪与平滑跟踪;随后构建以EfficientNetV1模型为骨干,融合CBAM模块与DilatedConv模块,并引入轻量级Transformer模块,实现局部多尺度特征与全局依赖的高效融合,最终通过全局平均池化和全连接层输出呼吸频率预测值。【结果】相对于MobileNetV3模型和ResNet1D模型,EfficientNet-CBAM-Transformer模型具有更优的预测效果,在验证集上的平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.06 bpm、平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)为1.33 bpm、均方根误差(RMSE)为5.5%、决定系数(R2)为0.91,与原始的EfficientNetV1模型相比,MAE、RMSE、MAPE分别降低了31.17%、28.49%和29.49%,而R2提升了7.06%。EfficientNet-CBAM-Transformer模型通过自动搜索,同时对网络深度、宽度和输入分辨率进行统一缩放,能在相同运算下获得更优的特征表达能力。EfficientNet-CBAM-Transformer模型的预测结果更接近于真实值,拟合回归方程的R2为0.86;真实值与预测值MAE大于1.00 bpm的样本减少至6组,较原始EfficientNetV1模型降低了50%,表明改进后的模型具有更优的检测精度。【结论】基于雷达回波数据建立的EfficientNet-CBAM-Transformer模型回归预测效果最优,其检测精度能满足实际生产对生猪呼吸频率检测的需求,为生猪健康的实时监测提供高效、非侵入式的智能化技术,也为便携式设备与在线智能化检测的后续开发提供了技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】This study aimed to establish a contactless detection method of hog respiratory rate using millimeter-wave radar combined with deep learning, thereby providing an intelligent and precise health monitoring solution for large-scale hog farming, enhancing breeding efficiency, reducing disease risks, and advancing the modernization of management for livestock industry.【Method】Respiratory radar data of hogs were collected using an AWR1843BOOST radar. A dual alignment calibration method (DACM) was developed to achieve phase alignment and unwrapping, specifically aimed at mitigating the effects of multipath interference and noise. Signal denoising and smooth tracking were performed through Kalman filtering. Subsequently, a model was constructed using EfficientNetV1 model as the backbone, integrating convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and dilated convolution (DilatedConv) module, and incorporating a lightweight Transformer module to achieve an efficient fusion of local multi-scale features and global dependencies. Finally, the respiratory rate prediction values were generated through global average pooling and a fully connected layer.【Result】Compared to the MobileNetV3 and ResNet1D models, the EfficientNet-CBAM-Transformer model demonstrated a superior predictive performance; on the validation set, the model achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.06 bpm, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.33 bpm, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.5%, and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.91. Compared with the original EfficientNetV1, the MAE, RMSE, and MAPE were reduced by 31.17%, 28.49%, and 29.49% respectively, while the R2 increased by 7.06%. By utilizing automated searches to uniformly scale network depth, width, and input resolution, the EfficientNet-CBAM-Transformer model attained enhanced feature representation capabilities under the same computational budget, and the prediction results of EfficientNet-CBAM-Transformer were closer to true values, with the R2 of 0.86 in the fitted regression equation. The numbers of sample groups with true or predicted values of MAE greater than 1.00 bpm was reduced to six groups, showing a decrease of 50% compared to the baseline EfficientNetV1 model, thus indicating a better detection accuracy of the improved model.【Conclusion】The EfficientNet-CBAM-Transformer model based on radar echo data provides the best regression prediction, whose detection accuracy meets the requirements for hog respiratory rate detection in actual production, thereby offering an efficient, non-invasive, and intelligent technology for real-time monitoring of hog health and technical support for future development of portable devices and online intelligent detection systems.

     

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