Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the growth trait differences of Phoebe bournei provenances and families， screen provenances and families with superior growth traits at an early stage， thereby providing references for evaluation and genetic improvement of Phoebe bournei germplasm resources. 【Method】 Using 32 provenances and 305 families of Phoebe bournei as research subjects， afforestation was conducted in the spring seasons of 2018 and 2019. Two indicators， tree height and diameter at breast height （DBH）， were investigated for three consecutive years to perform genetic variation analysis and correlation analysis among different provenances and families， and superior provenances and families were screened based on a 20% selection rate. 【Result】 Phoebe bournei stands of different afforestation years were extremely significant different in tree height and DBH among provenances and families in each year （P<0.01， the same below）； at different afforestation years and forest ages， coefficients of variation （CVs） of tree height were 1.31%-12.68% at provenance level and 1.55%-13.73% at family level， while CVs of DBH were 10.11%-15.99% at provenance level and 11.73%-16.83% at family level. At the same afforestation year and forest age， CVs of tree height and DBH of Phoebe bournei were in the order of individual CV > family CV > provenance CV and provenance heritability > family heritabili-ty > individual heritability. For Phoebe bournei afforested in 2018， tree heights showed extremely significant positive correlations with each forest age； for Phoebe bournei afforested in 2019， extremely significant positive correlations were found between forest age 1 and forest ages 2 and 3， as well as between forest age 2 and forest age 3. Three high-quality Phoebe bournei provenances were selected from the stands afforested in 2018 and 2019 respectively： high-quality pro-venances afforested in 2018 were from Fuchuan， Quanzhou， and Ziyuan in Guangxi， with genetic gains of 8.26%- 17.21% for tree height and 7.82%-14.24% for DBH； high-quality provenances afforested in 2019 were from Fuchuan and Xing’an in Guangxi， as well as Longshan in Hunan， with genetic gains of 11.48%-13.53% for tree height and 8.47%- 15.89% for DBH. The provenance of Fuchuan，Guangxi was rated as superior in both years； 24 and 20 superior families were selected from the two afforestation years， most of which originated from Guangxi. 【Conclusion】 Young Phoebe bournei forests exhibit substantial genetic variation at provenance， family， and individual levels， indicating great potential for genetic improvement. Based on tree height and DBH， 5 superior provenances （Fuchuan， Quanzhou， Ziyuan， Xing’an of Guangxi， and Longshan of Hunan） and 42 superior families have been preliminarily selected.