不同颜色遮阴网对雪茄烟生长及茄衣烟叶品质的影响
Effects of shade net in different colors on cigar tobacco growth and quality of wrapper leaves
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摘要: 【目的】 研究不同颜色遮阴网对云雪2号雪茄烟生长及品质的影响,以期为国产雪茄烟原料生产中选择合适的遮阴材料及提高烟叶品质提供理论依据。【方法】 以阳植(不使用遮阴网)为对照(CK),设白色(T1)、银色(T2)、灰色(T3)和灰黑(T4)4种颜色的遮阴网处理,移栽后10 d搭建遮阴网,测定不同处理下烟株生育期的平均光照强度,打顶后7 d调查烟株农艺性状,测定发酵后烟叶的物理特性、化学成分、外观质量和中性致香物质含量,对比分析不同颜色遮阴网处理对茄衣烟叶生长和品质的影响。【结果】 与CK相比,T1、T2、T3和T4处理的光照强度分别降低23.26%、45.54%、46.31%和51.22%。遮阴网处理提高了茄衣烟叶的叶长、叶宽和叶面积,其中叶宽和叶面积均以T1处理最高,分别较CK显著提高19.51%和57.61%(P<0.05,下同)。晾制后茄衣烟叶的物理特性中,随着遮阴网颜色的加深,4个遮阴网处理的叶宽先减小后增加,叶面密度和叶面厚度逐渐降低;化学成分中,4个遮阴网处理的烟叶还原糖和总氮含量及两糖比、氮碱比、钾氯比均较CK显著提高,而烟碱和氯含量均较CK显著降低;外观质量中,4个遮阴网处理的烟叶成熟度、油分、身份、完整度、光泽得分均优于CK,综合得分以T1处理最高(67.33分)。中性致香物质含量测定结果表明,叶绿素降解产物和类胡萝卜素降解产物含量及中性致香物质总量均以T1处理最高。【结论】 在云雪2号雪茄烟叶生产中,采用白色遮阴网处理有利于改善烟叶物理结构、优化主要化学成分比例及提高中性致香物质含量,可作为提升雪茄烟外观质量和品质的重要调控手段。Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of the study was to explore the effects of shade nets in different colors on the growth and quality of Yunxue 2 cigar tobacco, which could provide theoretical basis for selecting appropriate shading materials in the production of domestic cigar tobacco raw materials and improving the quality of tobacco leaves. 【Method】 Using Yangzhi (without shade net) as the control (CK), this study investigated the effects of 4 shade net colors, namely white (T1), silver (T2), gray (T3), and gray black (T4), and the shade net was erected 10 d after transplanting. The average light intensity during the growth period of tobacco plants under different treatments was measured. Agronomic traits of the tobacco plants were investigated 7 d after topping, and the physical properties, chemical components, appearance quality, and neutral aroma components contents of the fermented tobacco leaves were determined to compare and analyze the effects of shade net in different colors on the growth and quality of wrapper leaves. 【Result】 Compared with CK, the light intensity in T1, T2, T3, and T4 decreased by 23.26%, 45.54%, 46.31%, and 51.22% respectively. Shade net treatments improved the agronomic traits of wrapper leaves, including leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area. Among them, both leaf width and leaf area were the highest in T1, showing significant increases of 19.51% and 57.61% respectively compared to CK(P<0.05, the same below). In the physical properties of the wrapper leaves after drying, as the color of the shade net deepened, the leaf width of the four shade net treatments first decreased and then increased, while leaf density and leaf surface thickness gradually decreased. In the chemical components, the contents of reducing sugar, total nitrogen, total sugar-reducing sugar ratio, nitrogen-nicotine ratio, and potassium-chlorine ratio in the tobacco leaves of the four shade net treatments were significantly higher than those of CK, while the nicotine and chlorine contents were significantly lower than those of CK; in the appearance quality, the maturity, oiliness, body, integrity, and luster scores of the tobacco leaves of four shade net treatments were all better than those of CK, and the comprehensive score was the highest in T1 (67.33 points). The determination results of neutral aroma components contents showed that the total amounts of chlorophyll degradation products, carotenoid degradation products, and neutral aroma substances were superior in T1. 【Conclusion】 In the production of Yunxue 2 cigar tobacco leaves, the use of white shade nets is beneficial for improving the physical structure of the tobacco leaves, optimizing the proportion of key chemical components, and increasing the content of neutral aroma components. It can be regarded as an important regulatory measure for enhancing the appearance quality and quality of cigar tobacco.
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