Abstract: Tiger Milk mushroom （susu rimau） is a rare edible and medicinal fungus， considered one of the most promising medicinal fungi for development and utilization. This paper reviews the research progress on evolution of taxonomic status， biological characteristics， cultivation techniques， active ingredients， and pharmacological effects of Tiger Milk mushroom which is classified as Lignosus， Polyporaceae， Polyporales， Agaricomycetes， and Basidiomycota. With a high species diversity， Tiger Milk mushroom has seven species currently identified， primarily distributed in the tropical regions of Asia and Africa. In China， Tiger Milk mushroom is exclusively distributed in Hainan Province， where two species have been identified： Lignosus rhinocerus （Cooke） Ryvarden and Lignosus hainanensis B. K. Cui. The primary morphological characteristics of Tiger Milk mushroom include annual basidiocarps with a central stipe arising from a sclerotium； the stipe is corky， and the pileus is pale yellowish-brown with a smooth or finely tomentose surface， often posses-sing concentric zones； the pores are circular with surfaces ranging from white to pale yellow； basidiospores are cylindrical to ellipsoid， hyaline， thin-walled， smooth， showing neither dextrinoid nor amyloid reactions. Currently， four species of Tiger Milk mushroom can be cultivated， with Lignosus rhinocerus being the most commonly reported， and the other three are Lignosus tigris Chon S. Tan， Lignosus cameronensis Chon S. Tan， and Lignosus hainanensis. Artificial domestication of Tiger Milk mushroom in China began in the late 1990s， with Lignosus rhinocerus as the primary species used for production. In 2024， our research group successfully domesticated Lignosus hainanensis for the first time. The cultivation areas of Tiger Milk mushroom in China are mainly in Hainan Province， primarily through understory cultivation. In recent years， the industry has expanded annually， forming a rapidly growing understory health industry with significant economic and social benefits. Tiger Milk mushroom is rich in various active substances， including polysaccharides， active proteins， amino acids， minerals， and vitamins， and exhibits various pharmacological effects， including anti-tumor， anti-inflammatory， respiratory improvement， immunomodulation， and antioxidant activities. In recent years， significant progress had been made in the research of its physiological active ingredients and pharmacological effects， however， the production scale remains far from meeting social demand， and its artificial cultivation technology is relatively lagging. Finally， future research priorities are proposed， including systematic germplasm resource evaluation， breeding， clinical experiment， and intensive processing of products， providing a reference for the discovery， research， development， and utilization of Lignosus resources.