Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to identify members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor （TRAF） gene family and analyze their expression patterns in Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor， so as to provide a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the immune regulation mechanism of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor.【Method】 Based on the genome data of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor， members of the TRAF gene family and the physicochemical properties of their encoded proteins were identified. Bioinformatic methods were used to analyze the structure， conserved motifs， conserved domains， gene structure， and chromosomal location of encoded proteins of the TRAF gene family members， and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using collinearity analysis. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression of TRAF gene family members before and after venenum extraction， and correlation analysis was conducted to explore correlations among TRAF gene family members.【Result】 The TRAF gene family of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor comprised seven members： BgaTRAF1， BgaTRAF2， BgaTRAF3， BgaTRAF4， BgaTRAF5， BgaTRAF6， and BgaTRAF7. All were hydrophilic proteins containing α-helices， β-turns， extended strands， and random coil structures. Except for the BgaTRAF7 protein， the other six proteins shared similar numbers and positions of conserved motifs， and most BgaTRAF proteins contained RING， MATH， and zf-TRAF domains. The seven TRAF gene family members belonged to seven subfamilies， containing 7-16 exons and 6-15 introns. The BgaTRAF4 gene contained an extra-long intron. Only one pair of fragmented replicating genes， BgaTRAF2 and BgaTRAF3， existed； five pairs of TRAF genes were collinear with mice， and two pairs were collinear with zebrafish. TRAF1 was closely related to the TRAF2 subfamily， while the TRAF7 subfamily formed its own branch and was more distantly related to other subfamilies. In the retroauricular gland before venenum extraction， the relative expressions of BgaTRAF2 and BgaTRAF7 genes were higher. In the retroauricular gland after venenum extraction， the relative expressions of BgaTRAF1， BgaTRAF2， and BgaTRAF3 genes significantly increased within 24 h （P<0.05）， with BgaTRAF2 showing an acute increase as early as 1 h after extraction. Conversely， the relative expressions of BgaTRAF4， BgaTRAF5， and BgaTRAF6 genes decreased after venenum extraction.【Conclusion】 The Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor possesses a complete 7-member TRAF gene family， whose members exhibit typical subfamily characteristics in terms of protein structure and phylogenetic evolution. The TRAF gene family members of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor show a clear time-dependent pattern after venenum extraction of retroauricular gland. Among them， BgaTRAF1， BgaTRAF2， and BgaTRAF3， along with BgaTRAF4， BgaTRAF5， and BgaTRAF6 genes， are rapidly induced or repressed as cooperating units， collectively forming the core transcriptional regulatory network of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor in response to immune trauma.