Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the changes in soil bacterial and fungal community structures of sea buckthorn in an open-pit coal mining areas at different reclamation years，in order to provide a reference for ecological restoration of soils in reclaimed mining areas.【Method】 Taking the soils of artificially planted sea buckthorn at diffe-rent growth years in the reclamation area of Minda Coal Mine， Tongchuan Town， Dongsheng District， Ordos City， Inner Mongolia as the research object. In the plantations of sea buckthorn at 4-5 years， 9-10 years， and 17-18 years， soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere and different soil layers （0-20 cm，20-40 cm，and 40-60 cm）， with the original soil from different layers as the control. Soil physicochemical properties were measured， and Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the composition characteristics and succession patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in soil of sea buckthorn at different reclamation years.【Result】 The contents of organic matter， total nitrogen， and available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil of sea buckthorn with 17-18 years of reclamation in soil layer of 0-20 cm were significantly higher than those in soil of sea buckthorn of the same layers at different reclamation years （P<0.05， the same below）. With increasing reclamation years， the Shannon and Chao1 indexes of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of the same soil layer significantly increased，while the Shannon index of fungi in soil of 0-20 cm layer significantly increased. At the phylum level， Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria， Planctomycetes， and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla in sea buckthorn soil at different reclamation years， while Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum in sea buckthorn soil at different reclamation years. In the rhizosphere soil with 4-5 reclamation years， the relative abundances of Streptomyces and Kribbella were higher in the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers； in the rhizosphere soil with 9-10 and 17-18 reclamation years， the relative abundance of Zygosporium was higher in the 40-60 cm soil layer. Redundancy analysis showed that the first and second axes explained 37.27% and 31.15% of the species variation at the phylum level for bacterial and fungal communities， respectively. Extremely significant positive correlations were found in soil total nitrogen and relative abundance of Kribbella， between the organic matter content and relative abundance of Streptomyces （P<0.001）； while significant positive correlations were found between the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium and relative abundance of Streptomyces.【Conclusion】 The increase of reclamation years contri-butes to the stabilization of soil microbial community structure and ecological restoration in sea buckthorn soils. Sea buckthorn demonstrates a positive effect on the ecological restoration of open-pit coal mining soils. The differences in dominant bacterial phyla in sea buckthorn soils are minor， whereas the differences in dominant fungal phyla are more pronounced.