Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to reveal the species diversity of ant communities on the southeastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， so as to provide scientific data for cataloging and conservation of biodiversity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 【Method】 44 plots of 50 m×50 m were established across five altitudinal zones on the southeastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， spanning elevations from 5038 to 850 m （elevation difference： 4188 m）. Plot and search surveys were conducted using the plot-based survey method to collect ant specimens， geographic data， and ecological data. Data were statistically organized using Excel 2022， and ant community diversity indexes were calculated with SPSS 26.0. Pearson correlation functions were used to analyze correlations between ant community diversity indexes and habitat factors. 【Result】 A total of 64327 ants were were recorded on the southeastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， and they were identified as belonging to 86 species， 28 genera， and 5 subfamilies. The recorded ants included 1 dominant species， 3 common species， 21 moderately common species， 26 moderately rare species， and 35 rare species. As the average elevation decreased across the five altitudinal zones， the species richness， individual density， Shannon-Wiener diversity index， and Pielou evenness index of ant communities generally increased， but the Simpson dominance index decreased. The Jaccard similarity coefficients among ant communities across the five altitudinal zones on the southeastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ranged from 0 to 0.3718， corresponding to similarity levels from extremely dissimilar to mode-rately dissimilar. The species number of ant community had extremely significant positive correlations with tree canopy density and shrub coverage （P<0.01， the same below）， significant positive correlations with ground cover coverage （P<0.05）， and extremely significant negative correlations with altitude. Individual density had an extremely significant positive correlation with tree canopy coverage and an extremely significant negative correlation with altitude. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index exhibited extremely significant positive correlations with tree canopy coverage and shrub coverage， and an extremely significant negative correlation with altitude. The Simpson dominance indexes demonstrated a highly significantly positive correlation with altitude， and a extremely significant negative correlation with tree canopy coverage and shrub coverage. 【Conclusion】 Ant communities on the southeastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau exhibit high species richness. Ant community similarity is low across the five altitudinal zones， indicating significant differentiation among communities. Altitude， tree canopy coverage， shrub coverage， and ground cover coverage significantly or extremely significantly influence ant species diversity on the southeastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.