云南省育成小麦品种(系)主要矿质元素特征分析与综合评价

Major mineral elements characteristics analysis and comprehensive evaluation of wheat varieties(lines) bred in Yunnan

  • 摘要: 【目的】系统分析云南省育成小麦品种(系)的主要矿质元素,为指导当地居民的膳食营养摄入及培育富含有益矿质元素的小麦品种提供科学依据。【方法】以云南省育成的63个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,测定其籽粒中主要矿质元素及重金属元素含量,通过相关分析、聚类分析和主成分分析(PCA)等方法对不同小麦品种(系)中的主要矿质元素及重金属元素含量进行分析及综合评价。【结果】63个云南省育成小麦品种(系)中12个矿质元素和3个重金属元素含量的变异系数为18.69%~117.53%,其中钾(K)、磷(P)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、钠(Na)、铜(Cu)、钼(Mo)、硒(Se)和钴(Co)12个矿质元素含量的均值分别为4181.94、3138.09、1104.32、462.47、49.57、38.00、20.96、12.36、5.82、0.18、0.02和0.02 mg/kg,而铬(Cr)、砷(As)和镉(Cd)3种重金属元素含量的均值分别为0.12、0.01和0.04 mg/kg。Na、Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Zn等元素含量之间两两呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同);Cd与Na含量、Co与Cd含量、Co与Se含量、Cd与As含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.57、-0.56、-0.56、-0.50。63个云南省育成小麦品种(系)可聚为四大类群,其中云麦119单独聚为一类,云麦114单独聚为一类,2023Y4-69、2023Y4-98、2023Y4-134和2023Y4-145聚为一类,其他57个品种(系)聚为一类;根据小麦不同品种(系)籽粒中的元素含量可聚类为三大类群,其中Se、Mo和Cd元素聚为一类,Mn、Cr、Co和As元素聚为一类,Na、Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、P和Zn元素聚为一类。PCA分析结果显示,前4个主成分(PC1~PC4)的累计方差贡献率达82.987%,PC1影响较大的特征向量为Na、Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Zn含量。综合评价结果显示,排名前10的云南省小麦品种(系)分别是云麦119、云麦114、云麦122、云麦120、云麦117、2023Y4-139、云麦123、2023Y4-85、2023Y4-77、2023Y4-96。【结论】63个云南省育成小麦品种(系)主要矿质元素含量存在明显差异,筛选出云麦119、云麦114、云麦122、云麦120和云麦117等小麦品种可作为培育富含矿质元素小麦品种的亲本资源。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】A systematic analysis of the major mineral elements in wheat varieties(lines) bred in Yunnan was conducted to provide scientific basis for guiding the dietary nutritional intake of local residents and for breeding wheat varieties enriched with beneficial mineral elements. 【Method】The study utilized 63 wheat varieties(lines) bred in Yunnan as experimental materials to determine the content S of major mineral elements and heavy metals in their grains. Through correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis(PCA), the contents of major mineral elements and heavy metals in different wheat varieties(lines) were analyzed and comprehensively evaluated. 【Result】Among 63 wheat varieties(lines) bred in Yunnan, the coefficient of variation(CV) for 12 mineral elements and 3 heavy metals ranged from 18.69% to 117.53%. The mean contents of the 12 mineral elements, namely potassium(K), phosphorus(P), magnesium(Mg), calcium(Ca), iron(Fe), zinc(Zn), manganese(Mn), sodium(Na), copper(Cu), molybdenum(Mo), selenium(Se), and cobalt(Co), were 4181.94, 3138.09, 1104.32, 462.47, 49.57, 38.00, 20.96, 12.36, 5.82, 0.18, 0.02, and 0.02 mg/kg respectively. The mean contents of the 3 heavy metals, chromium(Cr), arsenic(As) and cadmium(Cd), were 0.12, 0.01 and 0.04 mg/kg respectively. The contents of Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, and Zn were extremely significantly positively correlated with each other(P<0.01, the same below). The contents of Cd and Na, Co and Cd, Co and Se, and Cd and As were extremely significantly negatively correlated, and the correlation coefficients were-0.57,-0.56,-0.56 and-0.50 respectively.The 63 wheat varie-ties(lines) bred in Yunnan could be classified into 4 major clusters. Specifically, Yunmai 119 formed a distinct cluster on its own, so did Yunmai 114. Varieties 2023Y4-69, 2023Y4-98, 2023Y4-134 and 2023Y4-145 were grouped into another cluster, while the remaining 57 varieties(lines) formed a cluster. The wheat varieties(lines) could be clustered into 3 major groups based on the element contents in their grains. Specifically, Se, Mo and Cd were clustered into a group. Mn, Cr, Co and As formed a group. Na, Ca,Cu, Fe, K, Mg, P and Zn formed a group. The results of the PCA indicated that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 4 principal components(PC1 to PC4) reached 82.987%. For PC1, the element contents of Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, and Zn had great influence on the characteristic vectors. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the top 10 wheat varieties(lines) from Yunnan were Yunmai 119, Yunmai 114, Yunmai 122, Yunmai 120, Yunmai 117, 2023Y4-139, Yunmai 123, 2023Y4-85, 2023Y4-77 and 2023Y4-96. 【Conclusion】The contents of major mineral elements in the 63 wheat varieties(lines) bred in Yunnan exhibit great variation. Varieties such as Yunmai 119, Yunmai 114, Yunmai 122, Yunmai 120 and Yunmai 117 are identified as potential parental resources for breeding wheat varieties with enriched mineral elements.

     

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