云南旱地小麦新品种云麦112的抗旱性鉴定

Drought resistance evaluation of the new Yunnan dryland wheat variety Yunmai 112

  • 摘要: 【目的】鉴定云南旱地小麦新品种云麦112的抗旱性,为筛选适应云南旱区的小麦品种及小麦单产提升提供参考依据。【方法】以云麦112、云麦56和扬麦33为试验材料,利用聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)模拟干旱处理,去离子水处理为对照,统计处理后第8 d的种子萌发情况并测量根长,鉴定小麦种子萌发期的抗旱性。大棚田间条件下,全生育期进行不同浇灌次数处理,调查不同浇灌次数对拔节期根长、叶片净光合速率、超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,成熟期产量三要素(穗数、千粒重、穗粒数)和小区产量的影响,分析调查性状与品种抗旱性的关系,筛选云南抗旱品种选育指标并研究供试品种的抗旱能力。【结果】PEG-6000处理下,云麦112种子相对萌发率为91.40%,抗旱等级为极强,云麦56和扬麦33的相对萌发率均为84.78%,抗旱性等级为强。PEG-6000处理和对照下,萌发期云麦112的根长分别为6.58和8.93 cm,显著高于云麦56(4.48和7.25 cm)和扬麦33(4.25和7.58 cm)的根长(P<0.05,下同)。田间试验浇灌1次和2次时,云麦112的根长分别为17.01和18.20 cm,显著高于云麦56(12.94和14.10 cm)和扬麦33(12.52和14.69 cm)的根长;浇灌1次、2次和3次时,云麦112的净光合速率分别为6.27、8.46和12.09μmol/(m2·s),均显著或极显著(P<0.01,下同)低于云麦56和扬麦33净光合速率。浇灌1次时,云麦112叶片中SOD、CAT和POD活性分别为178.28 U/g、308.74μmol/(min·g)和194.33 U/g,均显著或极显著高于云麦56和扬麦33。不同浇灌次数下,云麦112的穗数、穗粒数和小区产量均高于其余2个品种;产量三要素中,3个小麦品种随着浇灌次数的增加,穗数、穗粒数和产量均呈增加趋势。相关分析结果表明,产量与穗数和穗粒数呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.90和0.74;产量与千粒重呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.41;根长与产量、穗数和穗粒数呈显著或极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.46、0.45和0.62。【结论】云麦112通过根系深层生长、降低蒸腾作用和快速启动抗氧化酶系统调节应对干旱胁迫,抗旱等级为极强并具有较高的产量潜力,适宜在云南旱区推广种植。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate and identify the drought tolerance of the new Yunnan dryland wheat variety Yunmai 112, which could provide reference for selecting wheat varieties adapted to the arid regions of Yunnan and enhancing wheat yield. 【Method】Using Yunmai 112, Yunmai 56, and Yangmai 33 as experimental materials, they were subjected to polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG-6000) simulated drought treatment to evaluate drought tolerance during the germination stage, with deionized water treatment serving as the control. Germination status and the root length on the 8th day after PEG-6000 treatment was recorded. Under the field conditions of greenhouses, different irrigation times were applied throughout the entire growth period. Effects of different irrigation times on root length, leaf net photosynthetic rate at jointing stage, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD), 3 yield components(spike number, 1000-grain weight, grains per spike) and plot yield at maturity, relationship between traits and drought resistance of varieties, the breeding indicators of drought-resistant varieties in Yunnan, and the drought resistance capacity of the tested varieties were analyzed and investigated. 【Result】In the PEG-6000 treatment, Yunmai 112 exhibited a relative germination rate of 91.40%, classified as extremely strong drought tolerance. Yunmai 56 and Yangmai 33 showed relative germination rates of 70%-89%, classified as strong drought tolerance. In the PEG-6000 treatment and control, the root length of Yunmai 112 at germination stage were 6.58 cm and 8.93 cm respectively, and were significantly longer than that of Yunmai 56(4.48 cm and 7.25 cm) and Yangmai 33(4.25 cm and 7.58 cm)(P<0.05, the same below). Under both once and twice irrigation treatments, the root length of Yunmai 112 were 17.01 cm and 18.20 cm respectively,which were significantly longer than that of Yunmai 56(12.94 cm and 14.10 cm) and Yangmai 33(12.52 cm and 14.69 cm). Across all irrigation times treatments, the net photosynthetic rates of Yunmai 112 were 6.27, 8.46 and 12.09 μmol/(m2·s), which were significantly or extremely significantly(P<0.01, the same below) lower than that of Yunmai 56 and Yangmai 33. Under once irrigation treatment, the activities of SOD, CAT, and POD in Yunmai 112 leaves were 178.28 U/g, 308.74 μmoL/(min·g) and 194.33 U/g respectively,which were significantly or extremely higher than those of Yunmai 56 and Yangmai 33. Under all irrigation times, the spike number, grain number per spike and plot yield of Yunmai 112 were significantly higher than that of other 2 varieties. Moreover, with irrigation times increasing, the spike number, grain number per spike and plot yield among the 3 yield components increased. Correlation analysis revealed that yield was extremely significantly and positively correlated with the spike number and grains per spike, the coefficients of correlation were 0.90 and 0.74, but yield was negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight, coefficient of correlation was-0.41. Root length showed significantly nor extremely significantly positive correlations with the plot yield, spike number and grains number per spike, the coefficients of correlation were 0.46, 0.45 and 0.62. 【Conclusion】Yunmai 112 responds to drought stress through deep root growth, reduced transpiration and rapid activation of the antioxidant enzyme system regulation. It has an extremely strong drought resistance level and high yield potential, making it suitable for promotion and cultivation in drought-stricken areas of Yunnan.

     

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