小麦新品种云麦112抗病基因检测及分子细胞学鉴定

Detection and molecular cytological identification of disease resistance genes of new wheat variety Yunmai 112

  • 摘要: 【目的】对小麦新品种云麦112进行抗病基因检测及分子细胞学鉴定,明确其抗条锈病和白粉病的基因组成,为该品种的推广应用及抗病基因的发掘利用提供理论依据。【方法】以小麦新品种云麦112为研究对象,采用苗期条锈病或白粉病单小种(CYR23、CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33、CYR34和E26)接种及成株期混合小种接种的方法,分别以南农0686和铭贤169小麦品种为感病对照,对云麦112进行白粉病和条锈病的抗性鉴定,分0~9级记载反应型;利用分子标记技术,选取与抗条锈病基因和白粉病基因紧密连锁或基因特异的分子标记,检测云麦112中的抗白粉病和条锈病基因;通过基因组原位杂交(GISH)解析染色体组成,结合荧光原位杂交(FISH)精确定位外源染色体片段,明确其遗传物质来源。【结果】抗病性鉴定结果表明,云麦112苗期对CYR23、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33、CYR34等5个条锈菌生理小种表现为免疫,对CYR29条锈菌生理小种表现为高抗。云麦112在苗期对白粉菌生理小种E26表现为高抗,成株期对大田混合菌同样表现为高抗。分子标记检测结果显示,云麦112聚合了4个抗病基因:白粉病抗性基因Pm2和Pm8与条锈病抗性基因Yr9和YrSP,均能够扩增出特异性条带。分子细胞学鉴定结果显示,云麦112含有外源染色体片段,GISH信号显示该片段来源于黑麦染色体组,FISH核型分析进一步确认该易位片段为1R短臂顶端,替换了1B染色体短臂顶端,属于1RS-1BS/1BL的小麦—黑麦小片段易位系。【结论】云麦112小麦新品种高抗白粉病和条锈病,该小麦品种属于1RS-1BS/1BL的小麦—黑麦小片段易位系,聚合了Pm2和Pm8 2个抗白粉病基因以及Yr9和YrSP 2个抗条锈病基因。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To conduct disease resistance gene detection and molecular cytogenetic identification of the new wheat variety Yunmai 112, clarify its resistance gene composition against stripe rust and powdery mildew, which could provide theoretical basis for promotion of the variety and utilization of the resistance genes. 【Method】Using the new wheat variety Yunmai 112 as the test material, this study combined seedling-stage inoculations with stripe rust or powdery mildew races(CYR23, CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, CYR34 and E26) with adult-plant stage inoculations using mixed races for resistance evaluation of Yunmai 112 against stripe rust and powdery mildew, employing Nannong 0686 and Mingxian 169 as susceptible controls. Infection types were recorded as 0-9 grades. Molecular marker technology was utilized to detect powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes in Yunmai 112 through the application of either closely linked or gene-specific molecular markers targeting powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes. Additionally, genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) was performed to dissect chromosomal composition, complemented by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) to precisely locate alien chromosome segments and determine their genetic origin. 【Result】Resistance evaluation revealed that Yunmai 112 exhibited immunity against 5 stripe rust pathogen races(CYR23, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, CYR34) and high resistance to stripe rust pathogen race CYR29 at the seedling stage; it also demonstrated high resistance to powdery mildew pathogen race E26 at the seedling stage and maintained high resistance against field mixed isolates at the adult-plant stage. Molecular marker analysis confirmed that Yunmai 112 integrated 4 disease resistance genes:powdery mildew resistance genes Pm2 and Pm8, and stripe rust resistance genes Yr9 and YrSP, all of which could amplify specific bands. Molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed that Yunmai 112 carried alien chromatin segments, with GISH signals indicating their origin from the rye genome. Subsequent FISH karyotyping confirmed that this translocation fragment was at the tip of the 1R short arm. the terminal segment substitution of rye 1RS for wheat 1BS, belonging to the 1RS-1BS/1BL wheat-rye small fragment translocation line. 【Conclusion】The new wheat variety Yunmai 112 is highly resistant to powdery mildew and stripe rust. This wheat variety belongs to the 1RS-1BS/1BL wheat-rye small fragment translocation line, which integrates 2 powdery mildew resistance genes, Pm2 and Pm8, as well as 2 stripe rust resistance genes, Yr9 and YrSP.

     

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