基于高密度芯片解析小麦新品种云麦119的遗传构成

Genetic composition of the new wheat variety Yunmai 119 based on high-density chips

  • 摘要: 【目的】通过构建高产、稳产、抗病性强的云麦119基因型图谱,解析其遗传构成,为云麦119推广应用及小麦品种改良和亲本选配提供理论依据。【方法】利用GenoBaits®Wheat 100K(GBW100K)育种芯片分析双亲(2013CIM1136和2008Y3-6871)对云麦119的遗传贡献率,绘制基因型图谱,解析云麦119的遗传构成及重要性状遗传基础。【结果】云麦119及其双亲(2013CIM1136和2008Y3-6871)的SNP有效位点数量分别为245464、247280和247082个。云麦119与双亲(2013CIM1136和2008Y3-6871)共有SNP位点167777个,占SNP位点总数的76.97%。母本2013CIM1136对云麦119的全基因组相对遗传贡献率为55.45%,A、B、D 3个亚基因组的相对遗传贡献率分别为65.00%、44.54%和76.95%;父本2008Y3-6871对云麦119的全基因组相对遗传贡献率为44.55%,在A、B、D 3个亚基因组的相对贡献率分别为35.00%、55.46%、23.05%,表明云麦119具有明显的偏亲现象。母本2013CIM1136在15条染色体上相对遗传贡献率均高于父本2008Y3-6871,有6条染色体上相对遗传贡献率高于母本2013CIM1136。对比云麦119与双亲的SNP多态性,发现有242个SNP位点与双亲基因型均不相同,分布在除4D染色体之外的20条染色体上。通过GenoBaits®Wheat0.1K(GBW0.1K)前景选择芯片分析发现,云麦119聚合了来自亲本的优异多抗基因(Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57、Lr27/Yr30/Sr2等)、品质基因(Glu-Dx、PSY-D1等)、千粒重基因(TaCwi-A1、TaGS5-A1、TaGW2-6A、SPL20-7A等)、抗条锈病QTL/基因(QYrsn.nwafu-3DL、Yr80、Yr78、Yr75)、赤霉病抗性QTL(QFhb.hbaas-5AL等)、抗白粉病基因(Pm12等)和矮杆基因(Rht8、Rht1等)。2021-2022年和2022-2023年云麦119的平均产量为6091.2和4653.0 kg/ha,分别较对照品种云麦56增产14.65%和11.77%;品质性状表现为容重779 g/L,蛋白质11.32%,湿面筋25.3%,稳定时间3.1 min,属中筋小麦。【结论】云麦119存在偏亲遗传现象,更多地继承了母本2013CIM1136的遗传物质,聚合了双亲大部分产量性状和抗病相关基因/QTL(Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57、Lr27/Yr30/Sr2、QYrsn.nwafu-3DL、QFhb.hbaas-5AL、Pm12、Rht1、Rht8、TaCwi-A1、TaGS5-A1、TaGW2-6A、SPL20-7A、PSY-D1、Glu-Dx),从而使得云麦119具有高产、稳产、综合抗病性优良等特点,尤其对云南省小麦最主要病害条锈病的抗性较突出。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】By constructing a genotype map of Yunmai 119 with high yield, stable production and strong disease resistance, its genetic composition was analyzed, which could provide theoretical basis for the promotion and application of Yunmai 119, wheat variety improvement and parent selection. 【Method】In this study,GenoBaits® Wheat 100K(GBW100K) breeding chip was used to analyze the genetic contribution rate of parents(2013CIM1136 and 2008Y3-6871) to Yunmai 119,and to establish a genotype map to analyze the genetic composition of Yunmai 119 and the genetic basis of important traits. 【Result】The numbers of effective loci for Yunmai 119 and its parents(2013CIM1136 and 2008Y3-6871) were 245464, 247280 and 247082 respectively. Yunmai 119 and its parents(2013CIM1136 and 2008Y3-6871) had a total of 167777 shared SNP loci, accounting for 76.97% of the total SNP loci. The relative genetic contribution rate of female parent 2013CIM1136 to Yunmai 119 was 55.45%, and the relative genetic contribution rates of the subgenomes A, B, and D were 65.00%, 44.54% and 76.95% respectively. The relative genetic contribution rate of the male parent 2008Y3-6871 to the whole genome of Yunmai 119 was 44.55%, and the relative contribution rates in the subgenomes A, B and D were 35.00%, 55.46% and 23.05% respectively, indicating that Yunmai 119 had obvious parental bias. The relative genetic contribution rate of female parent 2013CIM1136 was higher than that of male parent 2008Y3-6871 on all 15 chromosomes,the genetic contribution rate was higher than that of female parent 2013CIM1136 on 6 chromosomes. Comparing the SNP polymorphisms of Yunmai 119 and its parents,it was found that there were 242 SNP loci that were different from the genotypes of the two parents,which were distributed on 20 chromosomes except 4D. The GenoBaits® Wheat 0.1K(GBW0.1K) prospective selection chip analysis revealed that Yunmai 119 polymerized the excellent multiresistance genes(Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57 and Lr27/Yr30/Sr2),the quality genes(Glu-Dx and PSY-D1),the 1000-grain weight genes(TaCwi-A1,TaGS5-A1,TaGW2-6A and SPL20-7A), stripe rust resistance QTL gene(QYrsn.nwafu-3DL,Yr80,Yr78 and Yr75); gibberellic disease resistance QTL(QFhb.hbaas-5AL); powdery mildew resistance gene(Pm12) and dwarf stem genes(Rht8 and Rht1). The average yields of Yunmai 119 during 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 were 6091.2 and 4653.0 kg/ha respectively, which increased by 14.65% and 11.77% compared to the control variety Yunmai 56. The quality traits were as follows:bulk density 779 g/L, protein 11.32%, wet gluten 25.3%, stable time 3.1 min, belonging to medium gluten wheat. 【Conclusion】Yunmai 119 exhibits biased inheritance, inheriting more genetic material from the female parent 2013CIM1136, and aggregating most of the yield traits and disease resistance related genes/QTL from both parents(Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57, Lr27/Yr30/Sr2, QYrsn.nwafu-3DL, QFhb.Hbaas-5AL, Pm12, Rht1, Rht8, TaCwi-A1, TaGS5-A1, TaGW2-6A, SPL20-7A, PSY-D1 and Glu-Dx), thus making Yunmai 119 have high and stable yields, as well as excellent comprehensive disease resistance, especially to stripe rust, the main wheat disease in Yunnan.

     

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