河南省不同生态区玉米品种密度效应及稳产适应性分析

Density effect and yield stability adaptability of maize varieties in different ecological regions of Henan

  • 摘要: 【目的】研究河南省不同生态区玉米品种密度效应及稳产适应性,为筛选高产广适玉米品种,构建河南省夏玉米种植密度优化布局方案提供参考依据。【方法】于2022—2023年在河南省6个生态区(环境)进行大田试验,采用裂区试验设计,主处理为密度,共4个水平,分别为60000、67500、75000、82500株/ha(仅2023年);副处理为品种,为14个黄淮海地区和河南省近年来审定的玉米新品种。通过方差分析、高稳系数法、AMMI模型和GGE双标图分析、相关分析及二次多项式回归模型等方法,系统评估玉米品种适应性、产量构成因素及密度响应特征。【结果】种植密度、环境和品种、两两交互作用及三者的共同交互作用均对夏玉米产量、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重有不同程度的影响,2022和2023年环境对夏玉米产量变异的解释比例较高,分别为27.91%和43.18%,品种次之,解释比例分别为9.76%和10.19%,密度最小,解释比例分别为1.54%和2.25%。不同环境下,2022年夏玉米产量表现为南阳>漯河>商丘>洛阳>安阳>周口,2023年表现为南阳>周口>洛阳>商丘>安阳>漯河。基于高稳系数法、AMMI模型和GGE双标图分析结果显示,京科999、秋乐368、中科玉505、郑单5179等玉米品种丰产性较好,适合河南省种植,安阳和商丘较其他环境有较强的品种区分能力。产量与株高、穗位高、穗长、穗行数和行粒数均呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01或P<0.001)正相关,与倒伏倒折率呈极显著(P<0.001)负相关。河南省通过合理的品种选择可以实现增产,但并不是所有地区都适合增密,二次多项式回归分析结果显示,河南省夏玉米最优种植密度为71823.56株/ha,理论产量为9358.10 kg/ha。【结论】合理的种植密度与品种搭配是提高河南省夏玉米产量的关键。河南省夏玉米最适宜种植密度为71823.56株/ha,适合种植的高产稳产品种为京科999和秋乐368。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To study the density effect and stable yield adaptability of maize varieties in different ecological regions of Henan, which could provide reference for screening high-yield and wide-adaptability maize varieties and constructing an optimized layout scheme for summer maize planting density in Henan. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted in 6 ecological regions(environments) of Henan from 2022 to 2023, using a split-plot design. The main treatment was density with 4 levels:60000, 67500, 75000 and 82500 plant/ha(only in 2023); the sub-treatment was variety, including 14 new maize varieties recently approved in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and Henan. Methods such as variance analysis, high stability coefficient method, AMMI model, GGE biplot analysis, correlation analysis and quadratic polynomial regression model were used to systematically evaluate the adaptability of maize varieties, yield components, and density response characteristics. 【Result】Planting density, environment, varieties, two-way interactions, and three-way interactions all had different degrees of influence on summer maize yield, ear rows, kernels per row and hundred-kernel weight. The environment had high proportion of explanation for summer maize yield variation in 2022 and 2023, which were 27.91% and 43.18%, followed by variety(9.76% and 10.19%), and density had the smallest proportion(1.54%-2.25%). Under different environments, the summer maize yield in 2022 was Nanyang > Luohe > Shangqiu > Luoyang > Anyang > Zhoukou, and in 2023 it was Nanyang > Zhoukou > Luoyang > Shangqiu > Anyang > Luohe. Based on the results of the high stability coefficient method, AMMI model and GGE biplot analysis, maize varieties such as Jingke 999, Qiule 368, Zhongkeyu 505 and Zhengdan 5179 had good high-yielding performance and were suitable for planting in Henan. Anyang and Shangqiu had stronger variety discrimination ability than other environments. Yield was significantly(P<0.05) or extremely significantly(P<0.01 or P<0.001) positively correlated with plant height, ear height, ear length, ear rows and kernels per row, and extremely significantly negatively correlated with lodging and breaking rate(P<0.001). Reasonable variety selection could increase yield in Henan, but not all regions were suitable for increasing density. The quadratic polynomial regression analysis showed that the optimal planting density for summer maize in Henan was 71823.56 plant/ha, with a theoretical yield of 9358.10 kg/ha. 【Conclusion】Reasonable planting density and variety matching are the keys to improving summer maize yield in Henan. The most suitable planting density in this region is 71823.56 plant/ha, and the high-yield and stable-yield maize varieties suitable for planting are Jingke 999 and Qiule 368.

     

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