3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因OsGAPC3超表达对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响

Effects of overexpression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene OsGAPC3 on rice yield and quality

  • 摘要: 【目的】揭示水稻3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因(OsGAPC3)超表达(OX)对水稻生长发育及其稻米品质的影响,为优质高产水稻新品种的分子设计育种提供基因资源。【方法】以粳稻中花11为背景创制OsGAPC3超表达转基因株系,统计分析OsGAPC3超表达转基因阳性株系及其阴性株系农艺性状及相关的产量性状,用光学显微镜观察米粒切片不同部位的垩白差异、记录稻米的垩白面积,并计算稻米垩白度,对OsGAPC3超表达转基因稻米的品质性状(营养品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和加工品质)进行检测分析,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测OsGAPC3过表达转基因株系中OsGAPC3和氨基酸透性酶基因(OsAAP6)的转录水平。【结果】获得3个独立的OsGAPC3超表达转基因阳性株系OsGAPC3(OX)-1、OsGAPC3(OX)-2、OsGAPC3(OX)-3),通过实时荧光定量PCR检测OsGAPC3超表达转基因阳性株系(T1代)中OsGAPC3基因的表达水平,结果显示,3个阳性株系OsGAPC3基因的相对表达量较阴性株系均极显著升高(P<0.001)。与阴性株系相比,阳性株系(T1代)的分蘖数均极显著(P<0.01)增加、每穗颖花数均显著降低(P<0.05,下同);株高、结实率、千粒重和单株产量均无显著差异(P>0.05,下同);垩白率显著降低,垩白面积、垩白度及粒型无显著变化;直链淀粉含量均极显著降低(P<0.01),整精米率显著升高;总氨基酸含量、总淀粉含量、游离脂肪酸含量、胶稠度、糊化温度、食味值、糙米率、精米率无显著变化。与阴性株系相比,OsAAP6基因在3个OsGAPC3超表达转基因阳性株系中的相对表达量无显著差异。【结论】OsGAPC3基因超表达能提高稻米的外观品质和加工品质,并不影响其稻米营养品质及其单株产量。OsGAPC3基因正向调控水稻分蘖,可用于水稻的生长发育尤其是高产品种选育。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To reveal the effects of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase gene(OsGAPC3) overexpression(OX) on rice growth and development as well as rice quality, which could provide genetic resources for the molecular design breeding of new varieties of high-quality and high-yield rice. 【Method】OsGAPC3 overexpression transgenic strain was created based on japonica rice Zhonghua 11. Statistical analysis was conducted on the agronomic traits and related yield traits of transgenic positive strains overexpressing OsGAPC3 and their negative strains. The differences in chalkiness in different parts of rice grain slices were observed using a optical microscope, and the chalkiness area of rice was recorded. The chalkiness degree of rice was calculated, and the quality traits(nutritional quality, appearance quality, cooking taste quality and processing quality) of transgenic rice overexpressing OsGAPC3 were detected and analyzed. The transcription levels of OsGAPC3 and amino acid permease(OsAAP6)genes in transgenic strains overexpressing OsGAPC3 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. 【Result】Three independent transgenic positive strains overexpressing OsGAPC3 gene were obtained OsGAPC3(OX)-1, OsGAPC3(OX)-2, OsGAPC3(OX)-3). The expression level of OsGAPC3 gene in OsGAPC3 overexpressing transgenic positive plants(T1 generation) was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the relative expression level of OsGAPC3 gene in the 3 positive strains was extremely significantly higher than that in the negative strains(P<0.001). Compared with the negative strains, the positive strains(T1 generation) showed extremely significant increase in tiller numbers(P<0.01) and significant decrease in the number of spikelets per spike(P<0.05, the same below). There were no significant differences in plant height, seed setting rate, thousand grain weight, and yield per plant(P>0.05, the same below). The chalkiness rate significantly decreased, while the chalkiness area, chalkiness degree and grain type did not show significant changes. The content of amylose was extremely significantly reduced(P<0.01), and the rate of whole rice was significantly increased. There were no significant changes in total amino acid content, total starch content, free fatty acid content, gel consistency, gelatinization temperature, taste value, brown rice rate and milled rice rate. Compared with the negative strain, there was no significant difference in the relative expression level of OsAAP6 gene among the 3 transgenic positive strains overexpressing OsGAPC3. 【Conclusion】Overexpression of OsGAPC3 gene can significantly improve the appearance and processing quality of rice, without affecting its rice nutritional quality and yield per plant. The OsGAPC3 gene positively regulates rice tillering and can be used for research on rice growth and development, especially in high-yield variety breeding.

     

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