Abstract: 【Objective】 The paper aimed to calculate the carbon footprint of rapeseed，deeply analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and source composition trends of rapeseed carbon footprint in China，proposed feasible directions for rapeseed planting emission reduction and yield improvement，which could provide reference for formulating rapeseed planting industry policies and optimizing planting structure. 【Method】 Based on the input-output data of rapeseed，the life cycle assessment method was used to calculate the rapeseed carbon footprint data of 15 rapeseed planting provinces in China from 2004 to 2022 so as to analyze the characteristics of rapeseed carbon footprint changes，and to put forward emission reduction strategies. 【Result】 Overall，the total greenhouse gas emissions，carbon footprint per unit yield and carbon footprint per unit area of rapeseed in China from 2004 to 2022 showed an increasing trend，with an average annual growth of 0.34× 10⁹ kg CO₂eq in total greenhouse gas emissions，0.01 kg CO₂eq/kg in carbon footprint per unit yield，and 0.049×10³ kg CO₂eq/ha in carbon footprint per unit area respectively. From the provincial perspective，greenhouse gas emissions from rapeseed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River，the growth was the fastest in Hunan，with an average annual increase of 20.668×10⁷ kg CO₂eq. However，provinces of Jiangsu，Anhui，Henan and Zhejiang showed a downward trend，and the corresponding average annual variation were -9.925×10⁷，-8.606×10⁷，-2.869×10⁷ and -2.324×10⁷ kg CO₂eq respectively. The carbon footprint per unit area in other rapeseed planting regions except Chongqing has increased over time，with Hunan，Guizhou，and Gansu experiencing faster growth，the average annual growth were 98.632，103.165 and 120.070 kg CO₂eq/ha respectively. The carbon footprint per unit yield in most rapeseed planting regions of China has increased over time. Only carbon footprint per unit yield in Chongqing，Jiangsu，Yunnan，Zhejiang，Jiangxi and Sichuan showed a decreasing trend. From the perspective of carbon footprint composition，the production and application of chemical fertilizers were the main sources of carbon footprint in rapeseed cultivation in China，with a combined share of 70.94% of the carbon footprint per unit area. The second largest source was carbon emissions from irrigation and labor activities. Therefore，controlling the input of chemical fertilizers and irrigation was the main direction for reducing emissions in rapeseed cultivation in China. There were certain differences in the proportion of carbon footprint per unit area in each link of rapeseed planting in various provinces of China，but on the whole，it was consistent with the composition of carbon footprint per unit area of rapeseed in China. 【Suggestion】 Actively promote the technology of reducing and increa-sing the efficiency of rapeseed fertilizers，and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizers；vigorously promote water-saving and energy-saving technologies for rapeseed irrigation，and improve irrigation energy efficiency；make a scientific planning for short-term and long-term goals of the rapeseed industry，and optimize the layout of production areas.