Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of yield traits of different Fagopyrum esculentum germplasm resources and conduct comprehensive evaluation，which could provide theoretical basis for germplasm improvement and new variety breeding of Fagopyrum esculentum. 【Method】 Taking 68 Fagopyrum esculentum germplasm resources from various regions at home and abroad as materials，12 yield traits were determined，and genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 68 Fagopyrum esculentum germplasm resources were conducted through correlation analysis，principal component analysis and clustering analysis. 【Result】 The coefficient of variation of 12 phenotypic traits ranged from 14.59% to 46.56%，with an average of 30.23%. The coefficient of variation of empty and shriveled seeds in the main inflorescence，seed number per plant，the rate of non-fruiting flowers in main inflorescence， seed weight per plant and plot yield were high，which were 46.56%，44.95%，42.58%，42.08% and 35.24% respectively. Shannon-Weaver diversity index ranged from 0.06 to 12.25，with an average of 4.41，indicating great differences among the tested Fagopyrum esculentum germplasm resources. Correlation analysis showed that plot yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with the number of seed in main inflorescence，seed number per plant，plant height and node number of main stem（P<0.01）. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components to variation was 79.544%. The first principal component（PC1）was mainly determined by plot yield，seed number per plant，number of seed in main inflorescence and plant height，the second principal component（PC2）was mainly determined by the rate of non-fruiting flower in main inflorescence and stem diameter，the third principal component（PC3）was mainly determined by the rate of empty and shriveled seed in main inflorescence，node number of main stem and plant height. The clustering analysis showed that 68 Fagopyrum esculentum germplasm resources could be divided into 4 categories：group Ⅰ contained 17 materials，group Ⅱ contained 29 materials，group Ⅲ contained 6 materials，and group Ⅳ contained 16 materials. The 4 groups of materials had characteristics，and parents could be selected according to the characteristics when improving varieties. The average yield of group Ⅰ was the highest （0.54 kg）. Three Fagopyrum esculentum germplasm resources were selected according to F value of principal component greater than 2.5. 【Conclusion】 The 68 Fagopyrum esculentum germplasm resources have rich genetic diversity. The high-yield and high-quality materials are screened out，namely 2022-Zi-Tian-22，2022-Zi-Tian-34 and 2022-Zi-Tian-7，they can be used as excellent materials for the breeding of new varieties of Fagopyrum esculentum in Yunnan.