条盖靴耳的分离鉴定、生物学特性及驯化栽培

Isolation, identification, biological characteristics, domestication and cultivation of Crepidotus striatus T. Bau & Y. P. Ge

  • 摘要: 【目的】对一株野生条盖靴耳菌株PMC666进行分离鉴定和生物学特性分析,并进行驯化栽培,为靴耳属食用菌的资源开发及利用提供理论依据。【方法】从吉林农业大学校园采集一株野生靴耳菌株PMC666,通过形态学观察和分子序列比对其进行物种鉴定,并利用单因素试验和正交试验优化菌丝生长条件,开展人工驯化栽培试验。【结果】野生菌株PMC666子实体呈贝壳状,菌盖直径1.5~2.5 cm,幼时为白色,而后逐渐变为淡肉粉色,边缘有明显条纹;菌肉白色,极薄,菌褶延生,幼时白色,而后逐渐变为土褐色;菌柄极小极短,实心;孢子印为棕褐色,上述形态学特征支持该菌株为条盖靴耳。野生菌株PMC666的ITS序列与选取的条盖靴耳模式标本序列相似度≥99.50%,并在系统发育进化树上形成同一谱系,支持该菌株为条盖靴耳。正交试验优化得到该菌株生长的最适碳源为麦芽糖,最适氮源为酵母浸粉,最适pH为7.0,最适温度为25℃。选用粗木屑78%、麦麸20%、石灰1%、石膏1%为基质配方,含水量控制在65%左右,可成功出菇,发菌期为65~70 d。在(25±2)℃条件下,环境湿度控制在60%~80%,给予适当的散射光刺激,30~35 d后可形成原基。在子实体生长阶段,适当提高湿度至85%~90%,经过7~10 d,子实体可长至成熟并采收,最终的生物学效率为6.2%。【结论】条盖靴耳菌株PMC666为中温型菌株,可进行人工栽培,适宜在温带和亚热带气候地区的春、秋季栽培。管理时需特别注意温湿度控制、光照条件、通风、病虫害防治及基质的营养和卫生,以确保高产稳产。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To carry out tissue isolation, identification and biological characteristics on a wild strain of Crepidotus striatus T. Bau & Y. P. Ge,PMC666,and conducted domestication and cultivation, which could provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the edible fungi of Crepidotus(Fr.) Staude. 【Method】A wild strain of C. striatus(PMC666)was collected from the campus of Jilin Agricultural University, by morphological observation and molecular sequence comparison, species identification was carried out. Single factor and orthogonal test were used to optimize the growth conditions of mycelia, and artificial domestication culture experiment was carried out. 【Result】The fruiting bodies of the wild strain PMC666 were shell-shaped,cap diameter was 1.5-2.5 cm, with caps that were initially white and later changed to pale flesh pink,with distinct stripes along the edges. The flesh was very thin and white; the gills were extended,initially white,and later turned to earth brown. The stipe was extremely small and short,solid. The spore print was brownish. Morphological features matched the original description of C. striatus. ITS sequence of the wild strain PMC666 showed a similarity of ≥99.50% with the selected type specimen sequence of C. striatus and formed the same lineage on the phylogenetic tree. Morphological and molecular evidence strongly supported that the strain was C. striatus. After optimization through orthogonal experiments,the optimal carbon source for this strain was maltose,optimal nitrogen source was yeast extract powder,optimal pH was 7.0,and the optimal growth temperature was 25 ℃. Using a substrate formula of 78% coarse sawdust,20% wheat bran,1% lime,and 1% gypsum,with a moisture content controlled at about 65%,successful fruiting could be achieved. Under this formula,the spawning period was 65-70 d; at a temperature of(25±2)℃ and a humidity controlled between 60%-80%,with appropriate diffused light stimulation,primordia could form after 30-35 d. During the fruiting body growth phase,increasing the humidity to 85%-90% and after 7-10 d,the fruiting bodies could mature and be harvested. The final biological efficiency reached 6.2%. 【Conclusion】C. striatus strain PMC666 is a mesophilic strain suitable for artificial cultivation. It thrives in temperate and subtropical climate regions and is suitable to be cultivated in spring and autumn. Proper management should focus on controlling temperature and humidity,ensuring appropriate light conditions and ventilation,preventing pests and diseases,and maintaining the nutrition and hygiene of the cultivation substrate to achieve stable and high yields.

     

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