叉角厉蝽对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食能力及捕食效率分析

Predation ability and efficiency of Eocanthecona furcellata against Helicoverpa armigera larvae

  • 摘要: 【目的】明确叉角厉蝽(Eocanthecona furcellata)对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)幼虫的生物防控潜能,为棉铃虫的田间生物防控研究提供参考。【方法】利用捕食功能反应评估叉角厉蝽4和5龄若虫及雌成虫对棉铃虫2和3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应和捕食效率,并采用干扰效应模型分析叉角厉蝽5龄若虫和雌成虫捕食棉铃虫2龄幼虫时的种内干扰效应。【结果】叉角厉蝽4和5龄若虫及雌成虫对棉铃虫2和3龄幼虫均具有一定的捕食能力,且捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而逐渐增加,但其增加幅度随着棉铃虫幼虫密度增加而逐渐减缓;同时,随着猎物龄期的增大,相同发育阶段叉角厉蝽的捕食量逐渐减少。叉角厉蝽4和5龄若虫及雌成虫对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为32.776、39.756和47.064头,其中,以叉角厉蝽雌成虫对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的控害效能(40.748)最高、瞬时攻击率(0.866)最大、对猎物的处理时间(0.021 d)最短。叉角厉蝽对棉铃虫幼虫的搜寻效应随棉铃虫密度的增加而降低,在同一猎物密度下叉角厉蝽的搜寻效应表现为雌成虫>5龄若虫>4龄若虫。叉角厉蝽4和5龄若虫及雌成虫对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的搜索时长和成功刺吸时长差异均不显著(P>0.05),但雌成虫刺吸时长显著长于4和5龄若虫(P<0.05)。同时,叉角厉蝽的捕食作用受自身密度的干扰作用影响,5龄若虫和雌成虫对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的平均捕食量和捕食作用率均随种群密度的增加逐渐下降,且叉角厉蝽雌成虫的种内干扰作用大于5龄若虫,雌成虫的最大分摊竞争强度为0.731,5龄若虫为0.687。【结论】叉角厉蝽对棉铃虫具有较强的控害能力,其中雌成虫对棉铃虫2龄幼虫的控害能力最强。在田间应用叉角厉蝽防治棉铃虫时,应在棉铃虫幼虫2龄期前开展,以充分发挥天敌的捕食控害能力。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】The present study aimed to clarify the biological control potential of Eocanthecona furcellata against Helicoverpa armigera larvae,and to provide research references for the biological control of Helicoverpa armigera.【Method】The predation functional response of 4th and 5th instar nymphs and female adults of Eocanthecona furcellata was evaluated against 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera,and the search effect and predation efficiency were assessed.The intraspecific interference effect of 5th instar nymphs and female adults of Eocanthecona furcellata on 2nd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera was studied using the interference effect model.【Result】The results showed that both the 4th and 5th instar nymphs and female adults of Eocanthecona furcellata preyed on the 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera.The amount of predation increased gradually with the increase of prey density,but the increase rate decreased gradually with the increase of Helicoverpa armigera larvae density.At the same time,with the increase of the age of prey,the predation number by Eocanthecona furcellata decreased gradually at the same developmental stage.The maximum predation amounts of the 4th and 5th instar nymphs and female adults of Eocanthecona furcellata on the 2nd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera were calculated as 32.776,39.756 and 47.064 individuals per day.Among them,the female adults of Eocanthecona furcellata had the highest pest control efficiency (40.748) against the 2nd instar Helicoverpa armigera,with the highest instantaneous attack rate (0.866) and the shortest prey handling time (0.021 d).With the increase of the density of Helicoverpa armigera,the search effect of Eocanthecona furcellata on Helicoverpa armigera larvae decreased.Under the same prey density,the searching efficiency of Eocanthecona furcellata was as follows:female adult>5th instar nymphs>4th instar nymphs.There were no significant differences in the search duration and successful sucking duration of the 4th and 5th instar nymphs and the female adults of Eocanthecona furcellata on the 2nd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigeraP>0.05),but the sucking duration of female adults was significantly longer than that of the 4th and 5th instar nymphs (P<0.05).At the same time,the predation of Eocanthecona furcellata was affected by interference of its own density.The average predation amount and predation rate of 5th instar nymphs and female adults on the 2nd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera decreased gradually with the increase of population density.The intraspecific interference effect of female adult Eocanthecona furcellata was greater than that of 5th instar nymphs,and the maximum competition intensity of female adult was 0.731,that of the 5th instar nymphs were 0.687.【Conclusion】Eocanthecona furcellata has strong control ability against Helicoverpa armigera,with the female adults having the strongest control ability against2nd instar Helicoverpa armigera larvae.When using Eocanthecona furcellata to control Helicoverpa armigera in the field,it should be carried out before the 2nd instar of Helicoverpa armigera larvae,so as to fully utilize the predatory and pest control abilities of natural enemies.

     

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