Effects of salt stress on root configuration，vitality and ion distribution in grafted watermelon seedlings
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摘要: 【目的】 探索盐胁迫对嫁接西瓜幼苗根系构型、活力及离子分配的影响并对各指标进行综合评价，为确定西瓜盐胁迫阈值及安全利用微咸水提供理论依据。【方法】 通过盆栽试验，以金城5号西瓜嫁接幼苗为试验材料，霍格兰营养液为基础，以完全营养液（矿化度为2.5 g/L）为对照（CK），将不同浓度NaCl、NaHCO3和CaCl2配制成矿化度为3.0、3.5、4.0和4.5 g/L的微咸水溶液，研究不同矿化度对西瓜幼苗根系构型、活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量及盐分离子分配的影响，并通过相关分析和主成分分析（PCA）对根系盐胁迫阈值进行综合评价。【结果】 与CK相比，西瓜根系相对干重在矿化度为4.0和4.5 g/L时显著降低25.36%、48.62%（P<0.05，下同），而相对鲜重则在矿化度为4.5 g/L时显著降低34.81%。与CK相比，幼苗的根系长度、根表面积、根体积、根直径、根尖数、分枝数在矿化度为4.0 g/L分别显著降低23.24%、6.35%、42.82%、17.37%、16.89%和13.04%，在矿化度为4.5 g/L时分别显著降低37.58%、18.77%、54.34%、31.66%、17.30%和18.45%。根系MDA含量在矿化度≥4.0 g/L时大量增加，增幅为19.90%~23.74%；而根系活力随矿化度升高而逐渐降低，在矿化度为4.0~4.5 g/L时降幅达43.46%~53.76%；同时，西瓜幼苗根、茎、叶部位会大量积累Na+和Cl-，植物把过多的Na+贮存在茎中，根向叶的Cl-、Na+选择性运输值（SCl，Na）在矿化度为3.0 g/L时达到最大值，较CK显著升高33.88%。相关分析和PCA分析结果显示，根系相对干重、根系长度、茎Cl-含量、叶Cl-含量这4项指标在主成分分析中的累计贡献率达83.2%，且根系长度、根系相对干重与根系相对鲜重呈正相关，茎Cl-含量、叶Cl-含量则与根系相对鲜重呈负相关。盐胁迫阈值分析与评价结果显示，轻度盐胁迫矿化度阈值为2.58~4.20 g/L，中度盐胁迫矿化度阈值为4.20~5.35 g/L，重度盐胁迫矿化度阈值为大于5.35 g/L。【结论】 盐胁迫下，西瓜幼苗根系通过降低长度、表面积、体积、直径、根尖数和分枝数从而改变根系构型；根系吸收大量Na+和Cl-导致根系活力降低。根系相对鲜重、根系相对干重、根系长度、茎Cl-含量、叶Cl-含量和根Na+含量和根分枝数可作为确定西瓜幼苗受盐胁迫阈值的评价指标。Abstract: 【Objective】 The study aimed to explore the effects of salt stress on root configuration，vitality and ion distribution of grafted watermelon seedlings and to comprehensively evaluate each index，providing theoretical basis for determining the salt stress threshold of watermelon and the safe utilization of brackish water. 【Method】 Pot experiment was conducted，and grafted seedlings of Jincheng No. 5 watermelon were used as experimental materials. Hoagland nutrient solution was used as the basis，with a complete nutrient solution（mineralization was 2.5 g/L）as the control（CK）. Brackish water solutions with mineralizations of 3.0，3.5，4.0 and 4.5 g/L were prepared by adding different concentrations of NaCl，NaHCO3，and CaCl2. The effects of different mineralizations on root configuration，vitality，malondialdehyde （MDA）content and salt ion distribution in watermelon roots were studied. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis（PCA）were used to comprehensively evaluate the root salt stress threshold. 【Result】 Compared with CK，the relative dry weight of watermelon root significantly decreased by 25.36% and 48.62% at mineralizations of 4.0 g/L and 4.5 g/L respectively（P<0.05，the same below），while the relative fresh weight significantly decreased by 34.81% at a mineralization of 4.5 g/L. Compared with CK，the root length，root surface area，root volume，root diameter，number of root tips，and number of root forks in seedlings were significantly reduced by 23.24%，6.35%，42.82%，17.37%，16.89% and 13.04% at a minera-lization level of 4.0 g/L，and significantly reduced by 37.58%，18.77%，54.34%，31.66%，17.30% and 18.45% at a mine-ralization level of 4.5 g/L respectively. The MDA content in roots increased greatly at mineralization ≥4.0 g/L，with an increase of 19.90%-23.74%. The root vitality gradually decreased with the increase of mineralization，with a reduction of 43.46%-53.76% at 4.0 g/L to 4.5 g/L. Meanwhile，watermelon seedlings accumulated large amount of Na+ and Cl- in the roots，stems and leaves，with excess Na+ stored in the stems. The selective transport ratio of Cl- and Na+（SCl，Na）from roots to leaves reached its maximum at a mineralization level of 3.0 g/L，significantly increasing by 33.88% compared to CK. Correlation analysis and PCA results showed that 4 indicators—root relative dry weight，root length，stem Cl- content and leaf Cl- content—had a cumulative contribution rate of 83.2% in the principal component analysis. Root length and root relative dry weight were positively correlated with root relative fresh weight，while stem Clcontent and leaf Cl- content were negatively correlated with root relative fresh weight. The results of the analysis and evaluation of salt stress thresholds showed that the mineralization threshold for mild salt stress was 2.58-4.20 g/L，that for moderate salt stress was 4.20-5.35 g/L，and that for severe salt stress was greater than 5.35 g/L. 【Conclusion】 Under salt stress，the root system of watermelon seedlings alters its configuration by reducing root length，surface area，volume，diameter，number of root tips and number of root forks. The absorption of large amounts of Na+ and Cl- by the root system leads to a decrease in root vitality. Root relative fresh weight，root relative dry weight，root length，stem Cl- content，leaf Cl- content，root Na+ content and number of root forks can be used as indicators for determining salt stress thresholds.
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Keywords:
- salt stress /
- watermelon /
- root configuration /
- root vitality /
- ion accumulation
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