基于转录组学解析超显性基因在烟叶生物量杂种优势形成中的作用机制

Mechanisms of overdominance gene in the formation of biomass heterosis in tobacco leaves based on transcriptomics analysis

  • 摘要: 【目的】 基于转录组学解析基因超显性效应在烟叶生物量杂种优势形成中的作用机制,为高产杂交种选育提供理论依据。【方法】 以具有生物量杂种优势的杂交种(K326×GDH88)及其双亲为材料,通过测定烟草亲本与杂交种的生物量,确定杂种优势形成的关键时期,并采用转录组测序技术分析烟草烟叶生物量杂种优势相关差异表达基因(DEGs)及其表达模式。【结果】 移栽后45~52 d杂交种的生物量出现正向杂种优势,移栽后45~52 d的中亲优势变化最大的阶段,且杂交种基因的表现模型从加性中亲模型转变为正向显性模型,故移栽后45 d是解析杂交种烟叶生物量形成关键时期。对移栽后45 d的样品进行转录组测序分析,结果发现杂交种与双亲之间存在2660个DEGs,超显性表达的DEGs有1683个,占比63.27%,可能是烟叶生物量杂种优势形成的主要原因。在超显性表达的DEGs中,有28个超显性上调表达的DEGs富集在光合作用相关通路上;10个超显性下调表达的DEGs富集在呼吸作用相关的蔗糖和淀粉代谢通路上,光合作用和呼吸作用中超显性表达的DEGs可能是调控杂交种生物量杂种优势形成的关键候选基因。【结论】 烟草杂交种烟叶生物量杂种优势形成的关键时期是移栽后45 d。烟叶生物量杂种优势的形成主要受DEGs的超显性效应影响;光合作用和呼吸作用相关的DEGs超显性上调表达和超显性下调表达可能是烟叶生物量杂种优势的形成原因。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which overdominance gene contributed to biomass heterosis in tobacco leaves through transcriptomic analysis,thereby providing theoretical reference for the breeding of high-yield hybrids. 【Method】 The study utilized a hybrid(K326×GDH88)exhibiting biomass heterosis and its parental lines as experimental materials. By measuring the biomass of the tobacco parents and the hybrid,the critical period for heterosis formation was identified. Transcriptome sequencing technology was employed to analyze differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with biomass heterosis in tobacco leaves and their expression patterns. 【Result】 Positive heterosis in biomass was observed in the hybrid between 45 and 52 d after transplantation. The mid-parent advantage was the highest between 45 and 52 d post-transplantation. During this period,the gene expression model of the hybrid shifted from an additive mid-parent model to a positive dominance model,indicating that 45 d post-transplantation was the critical period for analyzing biomass formation in hybrid tobacco leaves. Transcriptome sequencing of samples collected 45 d after transplantation revealed 2660 DEGs between the hybrid and its parents. Of these,1683 DEGs(63.27%) exhibited overdominant expression,which was likely the primary cause of biomass heterosis in tobacco leaves. Among the overdominantly expressed DEGs,28 were up-regulated and enriched in photosynthesis-related pathways,while 10 were down-regulated and enriched in sucrose and starch metabolism pathway related to respiration. These DEGs with overdominant expression in photosynthesis and respiration were potential key candidate genes regulating biomass heterosis in hybrid. 【Conclusion】 The critical period for the formation of biomass heterosis in tobacco hybrid leaves is 45 d posttransplantation. The formation of biomass heterosis is primarily influenced by the overdominance effect of DEGs. The overdominant up-regulation and down-regulation of related DEGs in photosynthesis and respiration may be the underlying reasons for biomass heterosis in tobacco leaves.

     

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