Pollution and carbon reduction and curing effect of tobacco curing in alcohol-based fuel bulk curing barn
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摘要: 【目的】 探索醇基燃料烘烤烟叶的减污降碳效果及其对烤后烟叶质量的影响，为烟叶烘烤节能降工、减污降碳和提质增效提供参考。【方法】 以烤烟品种云烟87的下部叶、中部叶和上部叶为试验材料，设置燃煤烤房（CK）和醇基燃料烤房（T处理），对比分析两类密集烤房烘烤性能、能耗用工、烘烤过程中的碳排放强度及规律、废气排放和烤后烟叶经济性状。【结果】 T处理温度偏差绝对值均值显著低于CK（P<0.05，下同），控温精度较好。两类烤房鲜烟量、干烟量和鲜干比无显著差异（P>0.05），在燃料消耗量和耗电量方面差异显著，且T处理烘烤下、中、上部叶的折合标煤耗量较CK分别降低33.71%、36.01%和36.43%，同时系统热效率均值较CK提高24.19%（绝对值）。烟叶烘烤过程中，T处理烘烤下、中、上部叶在碳排放峰值阶段产生的直接碳排放量较CK分别降低42.92%、48.33%和45.68%，烘烤1 kg干烟产生的CO2排放量较CK分别降低35.41%、37.28%和37.11%。中部烟叶烘烤过程中，T处理在烘烤温度38、48和68 ℃时的3种污染物（SO2、NOx、CO）平均排放量均显著低于CK，其中NOx和CO的平均排放量较CK分别降低73.81%和96.50%，且T处理烘烤过程中极少产生SO2。T处理的干烟耗料和耗电成本显著高于CK，但用工成本显著低于CK，烘烤下、中、上部位烟叶的用工成本较CK分别减少87.27%、86.96%和86.11%。与CK相比，T处理烤后下、中、上部烟叶的均价分别提高1.14、1.89和1.64元/kg；中上等烟比例分别提高1.47%、8.54%和2.43%。【结论】 相较于燃煤密集烤房，醇基燃料密集烤房在烟叶烘烤减污降碳、提质增效方面具有明显优势，在醇基产能丰富的地区适宜推广。Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of alcohol-based fuel on reducing pollution and carbon of flue-cured tobacco leaves and its influence on the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves，and to provide reference for energy saving and cost reducing，pollution and carbon reduction，improving the quality and efficiency of tobacco leaf curing. 【Method】 The lower leaves，middle leaves and upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 were used as experimental materials，and 2 types of bulk curing barns，coal-fired curing barn（CK）and alcohol-based bulk curing barn（T treatment）， were set up to compare and analyze the curing performance，energy consumption and labor，carbon emission intensity and regularity during curing，exhaust gas emission and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco leaves. 【Result】 The average absolute value of bulk curing barn temperature deviation of T treatment was significantly lower than that in CK（P<0.05， the same below），and the temperature control accuracy was better. There were no significant differences in the quantity of fresh weight of tobacco leaf，dry weight of bobacco leaf and ratio of fresh weight to dry weight between the 2 types of tobacco curing barns（P>0.05），and there were significant differences in fuel consumption and power consumption. Compared with CK，the reduced standard coal consumption of lower，middle and upper leaves under T treatment was 33.71%，36.01% and 36.43% respectively. Meanwhile，the average thermal efficiency of the system was 24.19% higher than that of CK（absolute value）. In the process of tobacco curing，the direct carbon emissions from the lower，middle and upper leaves of T treatment were reduced by 42.92%，48.33% and 45.68% respectively compared with CK at the peak carbon emission stage. The CO2 emissions from curing 1 kg dry tobacco leaves were 35.41%，37.28% and 37.11% lower than those of CK respectively. During the curing process of middle tobacco leaves，the average emissions of 3 pollutants （SO2，NOx and CO）in T treatment at the curing temperatures of 38，48 and 68 ℃ were significantly lower than those of CK. The average emissions of NOx and CO were reduced by 73.81% and 96.50% respectively compared to CK，and SO2 was rarely produced in the curing process of T treatment. The cost of dry tobacco leaves and power consumption of T treatment were significantly higher than those of CK，but the labor cost was significantly lower than that of CK，and the labor cost of curing lower，middle and upper tobacco leaves was reduced by 87.27%，86.96% and 86.11% respectively compared with CK. Compared with CK，the average price of lower，middle and upper tobacco leaves after T treatment curing increased by 1.14，1.89 and 1.64 yuan/kg respectively. The proportions of middle and superior tobacco increased by 1.47%，8.54% and 2.43% respectively. 【Conclusion】 To sum up，the alcohol-based fuel bulk curing barn has obvious advantages over the coal-fired bulk curing barn in terms of pollution and carbon reduction，quality improvement and efficiency increase，and is suitable for promotion in areas with abundant alcohol-based production capacity.
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