山西苹果产业空间集聚差异及其影响因素分析
Spatial agglomeration differences and its influencing factors of apple industry in Shanxi
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摘要: 【目的】系统分析山西苹果产业的空间集聚规律及其作用机制,为促进苹果产区资源整合、产业布局优化提供参考依据。【方法】查阅2011—2021年中国和山西省统计年鉴数据,采用区位熵和莫兰指数对比分析山西苹果产业集聚的空间分布和历史演变,基于地理探测器分析影响山西苹果产业空间集聚的单因子和交互因子。【结果】2011—2021年山西苹果产业区位熵波动上升,且呈南增北减的特征,产业重心进一步向西南移动;苹果产业传统集聚区运城的区位熵有所下降,新兴集聚区临汾的区位熵明显上升;山西苹果产业莫兰指数呈波动下降趋势。运城和临汾的各县(区)已形成显著的高—高型产业集聚格局;其他地市的小部分县(区)形成低—高型产业分布格局,其余大部分县(区)为低—低型产业分布或随机分布格局。影响苹果产业空间集聚的主导因子为苹果粮食面积比、苹果果园面积、施肥量、灌溉面积、所在地市公路通车里程和农村人均可支配收入,其次为水果果园面积、乡村人口和农林牧渔产值。【建议】依据山西各地苹果生产资源禀赋,优化空间规划与布局,促进新兴产区与传统产区协调联动发展;稳步调整种植结构,拓展科学技术溢出功能,提升产业服务保障能力,延伸苹果全产业链条带动三产融合,通过资源共享和优势互补促进苹果产业集聚纵深发展。Abstract: 【Objective】The regularity of spatial agglomeration and its mechanism of apple industry in Shanxi were analyzed systematically,which could provide reference for promoting resource integration and industrial layout optimization of apple producing areas.【Method】Based on the data of statistical yearbooks of China and Shanxi from 2011 to 2021, the spatial distribution and historical evolution of apple industrial spatial agglomeration in Shanxi was analyzed by using location quotient and Moran’s I,and the influencing factors of Shanxi apple industrial spatial agglomeration were analyzed based on geographic detector.【Result】The location quotient of Shanxi’s apple industry rose with fluctuations and showed a characteristic of increasing in the south and decreasing in the north,and the industrial center further moved towards the southwest. The location quotient of Yuncheng was decreased as a traditional agglomeration of the apple industry,while the location quotient of Linfen was significantly increased as a new agglomeration of the apple industry. The Moran’s I of Shanxi apple industry showed a decline trend with fluctuations. Counties(districts)of Yuncheng and Linfen formed a significant high-high industrial agglomeration pattern. A small number of counties(districts)in other cities formed a low-high industrial distribution pattern,and most of the rest counties(districts)formed a low-low industrial distribution or random distribution pattern. The main factors affecting apple industry agglomeration were the area ratio of apple and grain,apple orchard area,fertilization amount,irrigation area,local highway traffic mileage,and rural per capita disposable income,followed by fruit orchard area,rural population and the output value of agriculture,forestry,husbandry and fishery.【Suggestion】Based on the natural resources of apple production in various regions of Shanxi,the spatial planning and layout should be optimized,and the coordinated development of emerging and traditional producing areas should be promoted. Steadily adjust the planting structure,expand the function of science and technology spillover,improve the ability of industrial service guarantee,extend the entire industrial chain of apple to drive the integration of three industries, and promote the deep development of apple industrial agglomeration through resource sharing and complementary advantages.