基于广泛靶向代谢组学解析不同树龄及栽培条件的野酿2号腺枝毛葡萄类黄酮差异

Analysis of flavonoids differences in Vitis heyneana Roem. et Schult. var. adenoclada(Hand. -Mazz.)Yeniang No. 2 grape at different vine ages and under different cultivation conditions based on widely targeted metabolome

  • 摘要: 【目的】基于广泛靶向代谢组学分析不同树龄及栽培条件的野酿2号腺枝毛葡萄类黄酮差异代谢物情况,为提升葡萄及葡萄酒品质提供理论参考依据。【方法】以不同树龄及栽培条件(地域和架式)的野酿2号腺枝毛葡萄为试材,测定粒重、pH、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量及亮度值(L*)、红—绿色度值(a*)、黄—蓝色度值(b*),并利用超高效液相色谱—串联质谱仪对其成熟期葡萄果实进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析。【结果】不同树龄及栽培条件的野酿2号腺枝毛葡萄理化指标之间存在不同程度的差异,栽培地域对葡萄果实理化指标影响较大,栽种于相思湖葡萄示范基地的果实成熟度更好,但果粒较小、果皮颜色较浅;栽培架式及树龄对葡萄果实的粒重影响较小,对糖酸含量影响较大;同一地域采用篱架栽培的葡萄果实较棚架栽培成熟度更好,且树龄越大,果实成熟度越好。从不同树龄及栽培条件的成熟期葡萄果实中共鉴定出11类789种代谢物,其中黄酮类最多,为187种。12个样品中共存在271个差异代谢物,共聚为7个类群,黄酮类化合物在各亚类中占比最高,特别是第Ⅱ类群,占比高达59%,其次是第Ⅰ类群,占比为49%。利用差异代谢物能明确区分来自不同地域、架式和树龄的葡萄果实样品,其中地域样品间的差异最大,且黄酮类化合物是造成差异的最主要化合物。明阳双季葡萄示范基地栽培较相思湖葡萄示范基地栽培更利于杨梅素、槲皮素、表儿茶素及甲基花翠素等类黄酮化合物的积累,5年树龄较8年树龄更有利于促进山柰酚、儿茶素和花青素的积累,而棚架栽培较篱架栽培更利于黄烷-3-醇、花青素双糖苷和花葵素双糖苷的积累。可溶性固形物含量与黄酮醇中的槲皮素和杨梅素含量呈显著负相关,L*a*均与杨梅素呈显著负相关。【结论】不同树龄及栽培条件的野酿2号腺枝毛葡萄果实类黄酮代谢物含量存在差异,其中地域影响最明显。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】Based on widely targeted metabolome,the differential metabolites of flavonoids in Vitis heyneana Roem. et Schult. var. adenoclada(Hand. -Mazz.)Yeniang No. 2 grape at different vine ages and under different cultivation conditions were studied,providing theoretical reference for improving grape and wine quality.【Method】 Yeniang No. 2 grapes at different vine ages and under different cultivation conditions(regions and trellis systems)were used as test materials to measure berry weight,pH,soluble solids,titratable acid content,brightness value(L*),redgreen color value(a*),yellow-blue color value(b*). Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer was used for widely targeted metabolome of grape berries at maturity stage.【Result】There were varying degrees of differences in the physicochemical indicators of Yeniang No. 2 grapes with diffe-rent vine ages and cultivation conditions. The regions had greater impact on the physicochemical indicators of grape fruits,and the fruits planted in the Xiangsihu demonstration vineyard had better maturity,but with smaller berries and lighter skin color. The trellis systems and vine ages had slight impact on the berry weight of grapes,but had great impact on the sugar and acid content. Grapes grown on shed frame in the same region had better fruit maturity than those grown on hedgerow frame,and the older the vines,the better the berry maturity of the plants. A total of 789 metabolites belonging to 11 ca-tegories were identified from mature grape berries of different vine ages and cultivation conditions,among which flavonoids were the most abundant,accounting for 187 species. There were a total of 271 differential metabolites among 12 samples,which were clustered into 7 groups. Flavonoids compounds had the highest proportion among all subtypes,especially group Ⅱ,which accounted for 59%,followed by group Ⅰ,which accounted for 49%. Differential metabolites could be used to clearly distinguish grape samples from different regions,trellis systems and vine ages,with the greatest diffe-rences between regional samples,and flavonoids were the main compounds that causing the differences. The cultivation of Mingyang demonstration vineyard was more conducive to the accumulation of flavonoids such as myricetin,quercetin,epicatechin and petunidin than the cultivation of Xiangsihu demonstration vineyard. Compared with the 8-year-old vine,the 5-year-old vine promoted the accumulation of kaempferol ,catechins and cyaniding,while the shed frame was more conducive to the accumulation of flavan-3-ol,cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside and pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside than hedgerow frame. The correlation analysis results showed that the content of soluble solids was significantly negatively correlated with the content of quercetin and myricetin in flavonols,and L* and a* were significantly negatively correlated with myricetin.【Conclusion】 The contents of flavonoid metabolites of V. heyneana Roem. et Schult. var. adenoclada(Hand. -Mazz.)Yeniang No. 2 grapes are different at different vine ages and under different cultivation conditions,and the influence of region is the most obvious.

     

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