Abstract: 【Objective】The temporal and spatial evolution pattern of rape production in the world was analyzed to provide theoretical support for the sustainable development of rape industry in China.【Method】Based on the related data of world rape harvesting area，yield per unit area and total yield during 1961-2021 released by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO），the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of world rape production were analyzed by using the unitary linear regression model and the dominant index system.【Result】The development of rape in the world showed obvious spatial and temporal variation characteristics around 1980 and 2000，and the whole development process could be divided into three stages. Generally speaking，the focus of rape production in the world has always been concentrated in Asia，Europe and America，harvesting area，yield per unit area and total yield have shown a steady growth trend. In the stageⅠ（1961-1980），the total yield in Asia was 15.2% higher than that in Europe. Although the harvesting area in Asia was 460.9% higher than that in Europe，the yield per unit area in Europe was 250.7% higher than that in Asia. In the stage Ⅱ（1981-2000）and the stage Ⅲ（2001-2021），the total yield of Asia was still higher than that of Europe，and the harvesting area in stage Ⅱ has increased greatly. In the whole process，the harvesting area in America was medium，and the percentages of harvesting area and total yield of Oceania and Africa to the world small. At the same time，in the stageⅠ，the total yield of rape in nine countries，including China，Canada and India，accounted for 89.7% of the world，and the harvesting area accounted for 92.5% of the world. In the stage Ⅱ，rape in Canada and China developed the most rapidly. In the stage Ⅲ，only harvesting area and total yield of Canada increased greatly. In addition，in Pakistan and Sweden，the development of rape declined in the stage Ⅰand stage Ⅱ，and in Germany，China and Britain this phenomenon also appeared in the stage Ⅲ. The contribution analysis showed that，compared with major producing countries such as Canada and India，China had no advantages in efficiency and scale of rape production，but its efficiency advantages were increasing at each stage in turn.【Suggestion】China needs to make full use of advanced information technology and automation equipment to monitor the production process of rape，expand the planting proportion and harvesting area of rape，and at the same time，pay attention to exploring the value of rape，develop deep-processed products，increase intensive and large-scale planting，adopt reasonable planting mode and fertilization treatment，so as to further enhance the competitiveness of rape in China.